Thursday, July 30, 2026

Paddy Bird (Wee Kurulla)

 Friday, May 22, 2020

Paddy Bird (Wee Kurulla)

Paddy Bird (Wee Kurulla), My Dog's Woolly hair and Leaves of Havari Nuga Paddy Bird (Wee Kurulla), My Dog's Woolly hair and Leaves of Havari Nuga and dried up leaves of grass I wanted to write about global warming and constipation but my readers are spared of ignominy thanks to the Paddy Bird. Let me deal with a copyright issue first. I wanted to put a picture of my favourite bird with this piece and searched for a free photograph. I found one but it was copyrighted. I know this guy has a good camera and never cared for a paddy bird let alone take the husk out of a rice seed (which birds are experts). He is so selfish he tries to own this birds picture. He is a sordid bird watcher. I of course (my wife too) for the last 15 years trying to encourage breeding of these birds in our garden. I never thought that my rooftop garden (birds' paradise in all other respect with water and insects including dragonflies) was conduce for their breeding. Couple of weeks ago I was watering the water plants and a paddy bird flew across my ear in an aggressive manner. I just ignored it and did not give any eye contact. Thanks to my wife's effort lot of birds visit our mulberry tree daily. With scorching temperatures, hitting 95 outside most of my terrestrial plants including the two cocoa plants are shedding their leaves at a rate that alarmed me to my bones. I decided to do an overall and reduce the numbers of plants to the minimum to cut down on our water bill which was above the electricity (which is also very high) first time in my life. For the last three days, with a planned strategy to ease my blind dog's night prowl (no prey but jasmine flowers and spirit weed to sniff) around the trees, I made a wide pathway so that he does not bump against the plant pots. On the third day (today) I wanted to uproot the second but the tallest tree (hawari nuga and the tallest is an exotic local plant the name I do not know- I got it from a local gardener who is an expert on medicinal plants) but I could not. Then I looked at it in a meditative mode, this does not deserve an unnatural death and looked at its long leaves. Presto! Empty bird's nest. Owned by the paddy bird few weeks ago but discarded having got its brood out. It was made of my dog's woolly soft hair (90%) and few grassy bits and a single leaf of a Havari Nuga. I thought for a moment not only he contributes his liquid fertilizer to my gardening efforts but gives comfort cushion to avi-fauna's young ones. He got lovely treat for his indirect contribution. Birds of feather fly together. In other word nature nurtures nature. I hope the guy who sells the photos of birds reads this in full. In a different note if Europeans did not come and G.B.Henry did not tabulate our avi-fauna, this guy would not know how to name a bird. Series of reproduction from WiKipedia Hair of the dog", short for "Hair of the dog that bit you", is a colloquial expression in the English language predominantly used to refer to alcohol that is consumed with the aim of lessening the effects of a hangover. The expression originally referred to a method of treatment of a rabid dog bite by placing hair from the dog in the bite wound. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer writes in the Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898): "In Scotland it is a popular belief that a few hairs of the dog that bit you applied to the wound will prevent evil consequences. Applied to drinks, it means, if overnight you have indulged too freely, take a glass of the same wine within 24 hours to soothe the nerves. 'If this dog do you bite, soon as out of your bed, take a hair of the tail the next day.'" He also cites two apocryphal poems containing the phrase, one of which is attributed to Aristophanes. It is possible that the phrase was used to justify an existing practice, and the idea of Latin: similia similibus curantur ("like cures like") dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates and exists today as the basic postulate of classical homeopathy. In the 1930s cocktails known as Corpse Revivers were served in hotels. Alstonia macrophylla or Hard alstonia, Hard milkwood or Big-leaved macrophyllum is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is native to Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi), Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. It was introduced to Sri Lanka, where it is known as hawari nuga by local Sinhalese people. Alstonia macrophylla is a tree with a straight trunk and a high, narrow crown. It can become up to 30 meters tall. The trunk and branches contain a white latex. The bark is smooth and has a light grey color. Leaves are in whorls of three to four, simple, penni-veined, membranous, and glabrous above. Leaf-blades are 10 to 50 centimeters long, 5 to 15 cm wide, widest in or above the middle, and cuneate at the base. Flowers are about 7 mm in diameter, white, with narrow corolla tube, placed terminal on twigs. Fruits are about 30 centimeters long, green and filled with many small hairy seeds that are dispersed far and wide by the wind. The heartwood is yellowish, with a straight and shallowly interlocked grain with a moderately fine to rather coarse texture. The common tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius) is a songbird found across tropical Asia. Popular for its nest made of leaves "sewn" together and immortalized by Rudyard Kipling in his Jungle Book, it is a common resident in urban gardens. Although shy birds that are usually hidden within vegetation, their loud calls are familiar and give away their presence. They are distinctive in having a long upright tail, greenish upper body plumage and rust coloured forehead and crown. This passerine bird is typically found in open farmland, scrub, forest edges and gardens. Tailorbirds get their name from the way their nest is constructed. The edges of a large leaf are pierced and sewn together with plant fibre or spider silk to make a cradle in which the actual nest is built. Like most warblers, the common tailorbird is insectivorous. The song is a loud cheeup-cheeup-cheeup with variations across the populations. The disyllabic calls are repeated often Scaly-breasted Munia/Spotted Munia (Lonchura puntulata) Very common resident bird of grasslands, gardens and paddy fields throughout the island. It lives as flocks of about ten birds and feeds on grass seeds and paddy. Scaly-breasted Munia breeds throughout the year though most nests are found in the period of October to May. The nest is a ball of grass blades in trees or shrubs. Thorny trees like lime or orange and sometime areca palm flowers are much favored nesting sites.

Our Dog is no more.

i am covering up of its loss and companionship by encouraging birds in our little garden including honey birds (humming Birds).

Bul Bul decided to build a nest over my head (where I do my leisure reading).

The magpie and bul bul devour my guppy fish.

I have grown lilies with pretty large leaves (counted 11 flowers yesterday) for them to hide under.

I moved all my reading material to the dining room.

The roof top garden is left to go wild now and I am sure little Munia will build a nest again after the monsoon rain, if they survive the horrible weather.


Reproduction

Paddy Bird (Wee Kurulla), My Dog's Woolly hair and Leaves of Havari Nuga

Paddy Bird (Wee Kurulla), My Dog's Woolly hair and Leaves of Havari Nuga and dried up leaves of grass 

I wanted to write about global warming and constipation but my readers are spared of ignominy thanks to the Paddy Bird.

Let me deal with a copyright issue first.

I wanted to put a picture of my favourite bird with this piece and searched for a free photograph

I found one but it was copyrighted.

I know this guy has a good camera and never cared for a paddy bird let alone take the husk out of a rice seed (which birds are experts)

He is so selfish he tries to own this birds picture.

He is a sordid bird watcher.

I of course (my wife too) for the last 15 years trying to encourage breeding of these birds in our garden.

I never thought that my rooftop garden (birds' paradise in all other respect with water and insects including dragonflies) was conduce for their breeding.

Couple of weeks ago I was watering the water plants and a paddy bird flew across my ear in an aggressive manner.

I just ignored it and did not give any eye contact.

Thanks to my wife's effort lot of birds visit our mulberry tree daily.

With scorching temperatures, hitting 95 outside most of my terrestrial plants including the two cocoa plants are shedding their leaves at a rate that alarmed me to my bones.

I decided to do an overall and reduce the numbers of plants to the minimum to cut down on our water bill which was above the electricity (which is also very high) first time in my life.

For the last three days, with a planned strategy to ease my blind dog's night prowl (no prey but jasmine flowers and spirit weed to sniff) around the trees, I made a wide pathway so that he does not bump against the plant pots.

On the third day (today) I wanted to uproot the second but the tallest tree (hawari nuga and the tallest is an exotic local plant the name I do not know- I got it from a local gardener who is an expert on medicinal plants) but I could not.

Then I looked at it in a meditative mode, this does not deserve an unnatural death and looked at its long leaves.

Presto!

Empty bird's nest.

Owned by the paddy bird few weeks ago but discarded having got its brood out.

It was made of my dog's woolly soft hair (90%) and few grassy bits and a single leaf of a Havari Nuga.

I thought for a moment not only he contributes his liquid fertilizer to my gardening efforts but gives comfort cushion to avi-fauna's young ones.

He got lovely treat for his indirect contribution.

Birds of feather fly together.

In other word nature nurtures nature.

I hope the guy who sells the photos of birds reads this in full.

In a different note if Europeans did not come and G.B.Henry did not tabulate our avi-fauna, this guy would not know how to name a bird.

Series of reproduction from WiKipedia 

Hair of the dog", short for "Hair of the dog that bit you", is a colloquial expression in the English language predominantly used to refer to alcohol that is consumed with the aim of lessening the effects of a hangover.

The expression originally referred to a method of treatment of a rabid dog bite by placing hair from the dog in the bite wound.

Ebenezer Cobham Brewer writes in the Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898): "In Scotland it is a popular belief that a few hairs of the dog that bit you applied to the wound will prevent evil consequences. Applied to drinks, it means, if overnight you have indulged too freely, take a glass of the same wine within 24 hours to soothe the nerves. 'If this dog do you bite, soon as out of your bed, take a hair of the tail the next day.'" He also cites two apocryphal poems containing the phrase, one of which is attributed to Aristophanes. It is possible that the phrase was used to justify an existing practice, and the idea of Latin: similia similibus curantur ("like cures like") dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates and exists today as the basic postulate of classical homeopathy. In the 1930s cocktails known as Corpse Revivers were served in hotels.

Alstonia macrophylla or Hard alstonia, Hard milkwood or Big-leaved macrophyllum is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family.

It is native to Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi), Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. It was introduced to Sri Lanka, where it is known as hawari nuga by local Sinhalese people.

Alstonia macrophylla is a tree with a straight trunk and a high, narrow crown. It can become up to 30 meters tall. The trunk and branches contain a white latex. The bark is smooth and has a light grey color. Leaves are in whorls of three to four, simple, penni-veined, membranous, and glabrous above. Leaf-blades are 10 to 50 centimeters long, 5 to 15 cm wide, widest in or above the middle, and cuneate at the base. Flowers are about 7 mm in diameter, white, with narrow corolla tube, placed terminal on twigs. Fruits are about 30 centimeters long, green and filled with many small hairy seeds that are dispersed far and wide by the wind. The heartwood is yellowish, with a straight and shallowly interlocked grain with a moderately fine to rather coarse texture.

The common tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius) is a songbird found across tropical Asia. Popular for its nest made of leaves "sewn" together and immortalized by Rudyard Kipling in his Jungle Book, it is a common resident in urban gardens. Although shy birds that are usually hidden within vegetation, their loud calls are familiar and give away their presence. They are distinctive in having a long upright tail, greenish upper body plumage and rust coloured forehead and crown. This passerine bird is typically found in open farmland, scrub, forest edges and gardens. Tailorbirds get their name from the way their nest is constructed. The edges of a large leaf are pierced and sewn together with plant fibre or spider silk to make a cradle in which the actual nest is built.

Like most warblers, the common tailorbird is insectivorous. The song is a loud cheeup-cheeup-cheeup with variations across the populations. 

The disyllabic calls are repeated often

Scaly-breasted Munia/Spotted Munia (Lonchura puntulata)

Very common resident bird of grasslands, gardens and paddy fields throughout the island. It lives as flocks of about ten birds and feeds on grass seeds and paddy. Scaly-breasted Munia breeds throughout the year though most nests are found in the period of October to May. The nest is a ball of grass blades in trees or shrubs. 

Thorny trees like lime or orange and sometime areca palm flowers are much favored nesting sites.

Coronavirus: Researcher on brink of ‘very significant findings’ killed in apparent murder-suicide

 

Thursday, May 7, 2020

Coronavirus: Researcher on brink of ‘very significant findings’ killed in apparent murder-suicide

Reproduction from The Independent

Coronavirus: Researcher on brink of ‘very significant findings’ killed in apparent murder-suicide


Chris Riotta
The Independent
University of Pittsburgh

A renowned researcher who was on the brink of “very significant findings” in his coronavirus studies at the University of Pittsburgh was found dead from gunshot wounds in his home on Saturday, according to officials.
Bing Liu, a 37-year-old research assistant professor studying Covid-19 at the university, was killed in the apparent murder-suicide that took place during the weekend, police said.
He was reportedly shot in the head, neck, torso and extremities by a suspect who was later found dead in a vehicle parked a mile away from the house. That suspect, 46-year-old Has Gu, reportedly killed himself.
The university described Mr Liu as a “prolific researcher” in a statement expressing condolences to his loved ones.
The University of Pittsburgh is “deeply saddened by the tragic death of Bing Liu, a prolific researcher and admired colleague at Pitt”, the statement read.
In a separate statement, the university’s Department of Computational and Systems Biology said Mr Liu “was on the verge of making very significant findings toward understanding the cellular mechanisms that underlie SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cellular basis of the following complications.”
Mr Liu’s colleagues also vowed to complete his research on the global pandemic as part of “an effort to pay homage to his scientific excellence”.
The two men were believed to have known each other, according to police.
Detective Sergeant Brian Kohlhepp said there was “zero indication that there was targeting due to his being Chinese” in a statement. Hate crimes against Asian-Americans have spiked in recent months amid the global pandemic.
Police have launched an investigation to determine the relationship between the two men and whether there was a possible motive for the killing.

A tale of two epidemics: Malaria (1930-1960) and COVID-19 (2016 – 20??)

 

Sunday, May 3, 2020

A tale of two epidemics: Malaria (1930-1960) and COVID-19 (2016 – 20??)

A tale of two epidemics: Malaria (1930-1960) and COVID-19 (2016 – 20??)
Reproduction

by Rajan Philips


Giving a little background to the topic of my article today would be in order. I am neither an Epidemiologist nor a Historian. I am unrepresentable and incurably infected by politics, and my professional work straddles policy development informed by Urban Planning and Civil Engineering. In the course of reading and writing about the coronavirus outbreak and its economic implications, I have been struck by the need for and the ease with which many developed countries moved to repurpose their established assembly lines (vacuum cleaner manufacturers in England, automakers in Germany and the US, and so on) to produce ventilators and personal protection equipment (PPE) to meet the demand for them among hospital ICUs and frontline health care workers, just-in-time for treating Covid-19 patients. The demand has now expanded beyond repurposing and national requirements, which are substantial themselves. The UN has set up a new supply task force to ensure a monthly global supply of "at least 100 million medical masks and gloves, up to 25 million N-95 respirators, gowns and face shields, up to 2.5 million diagnostic tests and large quantities of oxygen concentrators and other equipment for clinical care." The UN’s World Food Programme will airfreight the PPEs and testing kits to the world’s hot spots from about eight hubs.

Being somewhat familiar with Sri Lanka’s industrial sector both professionally and personally, given my fortuitous association with a number of my Peradeniya contemporaries (N.G. Wickramaratne, B.A. Mahipala, and the late Lakshman Tilakaratne, among others) some of whom played a pioneering role in the development of export products during the 1980s and 1990s, I wanted to elaborate in my Sunday Island column, the idea of using Sri Lanka’s manufacturing knowhow to take advantage of the growing global demand for health care products and open a new and somewhat altruistic avenue for earning desperately needed foreign exchange. 

Needless to say, a number of Sri Lankan firms are already into action, making these products to serve domestic requirements and for exporting overseas. Men and Women of productive action do not wait for government policy or political commentaries.

And thankfully so.

Yet, there is much to write about manufacturing for export in the context of the current epidemic and economic crises. Being more reflective than innovative, I have often thought about two insightful observations by Tanky (N.G.) Wickramaratne, former Hayley’s Chairman, during our occasional conversations. One is that those in the industry do not generally receive product or market specific ideas from economic policy discussions. A point that resonates with Prof. Kumar David’s call for a ‘product mix’ for Sri Lanka’s export industry, that he made with pedagogical persistence throughout the life of the yahapalana government. 
Nothing worthwhile came out of that regime for the country’s economy, other than Ranil Wickremasinghe’s tedious mantra of a million jobs. 

Is the new Administration capable of using the current opportunity to come up with something less empty, more strategic and practically innovative ?

That brings me to Tanky’s second observation that former President Premadasa’s 200 garment factory initiative was a ‘game changer’ (I am paraphrasing) in the export business. Is there anything from the Premadasa playbook that would be of relevance now? That became my question. Looking for answers, I started with Lakshman Watawala’s (the late President’s handpicked man to lead the GCEC/BOI and to launch the 200 Garment Factory Programme) accounts of the garment factory initiative. Then I began going through standard writings on Sri Lanka’s trade, industrial exports and balance of payments, along with new additions like Saman Kelegama’s comprehensive symposium – Ready Made Garment Industry, and Caitrin Lynch’s penetrating ethnography – Juki Girls, until I stumbled on a table of figures in Donald Snodgrass’s 1966 classic: Ceylon: An Export Economy In Transition.

Table 4-3 in Snodgrass’s book: Malaria Mortality and Morbidity, 1930-1960, which I have not previously remembered as a source for anything, suddenly became the source for everything in the current coronavirus context. The rest is outlined below as a short tale (after this rather lengthy background) of two epidemics: Malaria and Covid-19, under three topical headings: epidemiology, economic impacts and political response. The original purpose of revisiting President Premadasa’s garment factory initiative will have to wait for another Sunday. Except to say that I have generally been critical of Mr. Premadasa’s urban and housing development initiatives and his creation of the Urban Development Authority with its national mandate at the expense of Local Government. The garment factory initiative is something else, and is worth revisiting in today’s situation.

Epidemiology

Sri Lanka, then colonial Ceylon, was ravaged by malaria for over two decades starting in 1930. The disease was on a decline after about 1952, but persisted until it was officially eradicated in the 1960s. We have all heard about the malaria epidemic of the 1930s, and endemic malaria has been a fact of Sri Lankan life from pre-colonial times. But in today’s Covid-19 world, it is truly startling to recall the extent of the mortality and morbidity of the malaria epidemic almost a century ago. Snodgrass’s account of the malaria epidemic is part of his discussion of the "revolutionary changes in the island’s pattern of population growth" during the 1930s and 1940s, which together with World War II and independence brought the "classical era of the export economy to an end and ushered in a period of transition to an uncertain future."

Snodgrass (Table 4-3) provides morbidity and mortality data for three decades, from 1930 to 1960. The first two decades (1930-1950) were the worst, when nearly 150,000 people died over the twenty-year period. The number of reported cases were generally over two million every year during the two decades, when the country’s population was only 5.6 million. In 1935 alone, the peak year of the epidemic, a total of 5.4 million malaria cases were treated according to case records in hospitals and dispensaries. Obviously, the recorded cases would have included multiple visits by the same patients, but it is a staggering number relative to the national population. According to a surprisingly brief account of the epidemic in the University of Ceylon, History of Ceylon (Volume 3), Kurunegala and Kegalle were the worst affected Districts, and in one month (1935 January), Kurunegala alone suffered 27,735 deaths.

The malaria statistics from the 1930s should be a sobering reminder to the decision makers of today, political as well as professional, and to their military executors. They are a reminder that if it could have been so bad with malaria, which was not a global pandemic when it ravaged Sri Lanka, how worse things could turn with Covid-19 if the coronavirus were to get out of control now. 
No body wants to see tens of thousands of deaths in a single month anywhere in Sri Lanka now, as people in Kurunegala helplessly did during the fateful January of 1935. 
The question is how confident the people can be that the worst is behind them and that their government has the coronavirus under control. 

The fact of the matter is that no one has the coronavirus under control.

Malaria, a disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes, the deadlier female Anopheles, is now a known quantity and one that is preventable and curable. Sri Lanka is among the countries that are certified by the WHO for eradicating the disease. 
But malaria is still endemic in many parts of the world, mostly in Africa, (including India which export it to Ceylon) and according to the WHO, there were 228 million malaria cases worldwide in 2018, with 405,000 deaths. The current prevalence of malaria is entirely due to socioeconomic factors.
(Pulmonary Tuberculosis also kills large number in Africa and India).
When malaria ravaged Sri Lanka the main causes were also socioeconomic, but there were other factors also. The therapeutic treatment was not as developed as it is now and the use of DDT as insecticide was just being developed. Both made the difference in Sri Lanka, first to mitigate malaria and then to eradicate the disease.

According to the WHO’s description, Malaria is an acute febrile illness whose initial symptoms are fever, headache, and chills, and if not treated early it could get severe and oftentimes fatal. Unlike Covid-19 which primarily targets the elderly, children, especially aged under five are the most vulnerable against malaria. Quinine was the main treatment against malaria during the epidemic. Prepared from the bark of a Peruvian tree, cinchona, and intercontinentally bandied around by Jesuits, quinine has been in use to treat malaria from the 17th century. 
In colonial India, gin was added to minimize quinine’s bitterness and the gin and tonic English cocktail was apparently born.

For the tens of thousands of Sri Lankan victims of malaria there was neither gin nor tonic. Redemption came only with DDT, which was used as a spray to kill mosquitoes. Killing the mosquitoes (vector control) has been the most successful method to reduce malaria transmission. First synthesized as an organic chemical compound in Austria in 1874, the use of DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane) as an insecticide was not discovered until 1939 in Switzerland. DDT was available for the first time in the US in October 1945, and by November a spraying program was inaugurated in the Anuradhapura District. The DDT’s effect was dramatic and within two years the program was extended to cover the whole island. 1.8 million houses were sprayed in 1947, and the number increased to 3.4 million the following year. By 1953/54, deaths had dropped to under 1000, for the first time in almost twenty five years, and the number cases fell below 100,000.

The Sri Lankan malarial epidemic, or ‘the Ceylon epidemic’ as it used to be called, has been extensively studied, and in the 1950s the British epidemiologist George MacDonald used the Ceylon case study in developing the first application of ‘basic production number’ (or rate) for epidemics, the celebrated R0 (R naught or R zero). R0 represents the number of additional infections that one infected person can generate in a population. MacDonald has used estimates of 7.9 and 10 as R0 the malaria epidemic. Based on these numbers the herd immunity [(R0-1)/R0] for malaria without DDT would have been around 90%.

R0 for Covid-19 is considered to be between 2.5 and 3.5 ( depending on countries and locations), and that would suggest a herd immunity threshold of 60 to 70%,i.e., 60 to 70% of the population will have to be infected before virus transmission can be stopped. Until a vaccine arrives on the scene, social isolation and lockdown measures are the only tools available to reduce the value of R0. 

Virus transmission ends when R0 is reduced to being less than one, but that is not the end of the virus.

There is optimism that a vaccine breakthrough might come as early as January 2021. There is ‘ethical’ potential for a new therapy in Remdesivir, a "broad-spectrum antiviral medication" with established safety profile which has been previously developed as treatment for SARS, MERS and Ebola. These efforts may or may not come to fruition, and in the desired short time line, according to experts. The same experts also acknowledge when nothing else is working against the coronavirus it is natural to be enthusiastic about every new development that is going on.

Whither Covid-19

Outside South Asia, the general assessment is that the first wave of the virus is now over, the transmission has either stopped or is significantly slowing, and the affected countries can begin to ease up, while being fully prepared for the next wave. 
For South Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, there is no certainty as to whether or not the first wave is past them, and there is no clarity about what is ahead in the next few weeks and months. 
There were 600 cases in India, when the Modi government began the lockdown, on March 25. Now, just over a month after, the cases have multiplied fifty times and the total is past 33,000 and the number of deaths is upward of 1000. 
The stories in Pakistan and Bangladesh are not any different.

Sri Lanka’s Covid-19 numbers - less than 700 cases and seven deaths - are mercifully lower than what would have been the daily tally during the malaria epidemic. The low numbers should be a cause for cautious optimism, and the country should be in a position like New Zealand. The island country of five million people has about 1000 cases and 19 deaths, and it is confidently returning to normalcy but fully prepared for the second wave of the coronavirus. New Zealand’s much larger neighbour, Australia, an island continent, is almost equally well placed.

In Sri Lanka, there is no certainty or assuredness about what lies ahead. 
The country is under a prolonged curfew to enforce social isolation. 
As many people are in custody for breaking the curfew as have been tested for Covid-19, or sent to quarantine without being tested. Every time there is an announcement of relaxation, there is a spike in the number of cases and the curfew is extended. And the most recent spikes in cases are among the custodians of Covid-19 quarantines – the armed forces.  
There is growing skepticism about even the Covid-19 statistics that are put out by the officials. 
In yesterday’s Island, Dr. Vinoth Ramachandra called it strange that after six weeks of lockdown, "the ‘official’ deaths have remained static for the past two weeks and ‘official’ infections are miniscule in comparison with other countries." 

He went on to ask the officials "is there another purpose that the lockdown serves?"

(my assessment is doctoring data for political reasoning and advantage)!
 
The Alliance of Independent Professionals have been raising similar questions in their periodical ‘statement of facts’ on the Covid-19 crisis. Is testing being deliberately kept under capacity to keep the case numbers low? 
Are clinical case definitions being ignored or tampered with where Covid-19 testing is not available? 
Are patient deaths being properly recorded with causes prior to cremations? 
It is unethical and illegal to tamper with official data or their collection. Where data involve helpless patients, it is also heartless and immoral to tamper with them or destroy them. 
And monkeying with data involving Coronavirus will boomerang spectacularly, because without reliable information there cannot be a plan to break the chain of transmission of the virus.

Coronavirus Can Invade Our Intestines As Well As Our Lungs, Study Finds

 

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Coronavirus Can Invade Our Intestines As Well As Our Lungs, Study Finds


Reproduction

Coronavirus Can Invade Our Intestines As Well As Our Lungs, Study Finds


By Kashmira Gander



The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 can infect and replicate in human intestine cells, according to a study.
This may explain why some COVID-19 patients have gastrointestinal symptoms, Dutch researchers suggested in a paper published in the journal Science.
The coronavirus can invade and multiply in the human gut because the enzyme it uses to enter our cells is found in this part of the body, the team said.
The enzyme, called Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is also present in the respiratory system.

Why Are Some People With the Coronavirus Asymptomatic?
To reach their conclusion, the team took SARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus which causes COVID-19) and cells from the human intestine and watched how they interacted in a lab.
After 24 hours, the virus had invaded some of the cells. After 60 hours "the number of infected cells had dramatically increased," the authors wrote.
Next, they examined which genes were at work in the intestinal cells using a technique called RNA sequencing. This revealed genes that fight off viral infections were active in the gut cells.
The project saw the team culture gut cells so they would have different levels of ACE2, to see if this would change their chances of being infected. They found cells were vulnerable whether or not they had high or low levels of ACE2.
Study co-author Bart Haagmans, a virologist at Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, commented in a statement: "The observations made in this study provide definite proof that SARS-CoV-2 can multiply in cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

"However, we don't yet know whether SARS-CoV-2, present in the intestines of COVID-19 patients, plays a significant role in transmission. Our findings indicate that we should look into this possibility more closely."

Read more
The team aren't the first to explore whether the coronavirus not only affects the respiratory system, causing common symptoms such as a dry cough and breathing difficulties, but other parts of the body too.
Last month, a study published in The American Journal of Gastroenterology involving 206 people in China showed diarrhea may be the first or only symptom some COVID-19 patients experience.
An article published in the journal the BMJ involving 96 people with COVID-19 in China found the coronavirus appeared to linger longer in some patients' stools than their respiratory system.
Brennan Spiegel, professor of medicine and public health at Cedars-Sinai and co-author of The American Journal of Gastroenterology study, told Newsweek in April: "I think the main message is COVID-19 is not just cough.He said: "We're starting to learn from our colleagues in China and around the world now that there's a large group of people who may not ever report for care, or at home with digestive symptoms—diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, less so abdominal pain but that too, low appetite—who are struggling to determine if they have COVID-19 or not."
Since the COVID-19 pandemic is thought to have started in late 2019, more than 3.6 million people around the world have been diagnosed with the disease, according to Johns Hopkins University. 257,301 have died, and over 1.1 million are known to have survived. The U.S. is the country with the most cases, as the Statista graph below shows.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advice on Using Face Coverings to Slow Spread of COVID-19


  • CDC recommends wearing a cloth face covering in public where social distancing measures are difficult to maintain.
  • A simple cloth face covering can help slow the spread of the virus by those infected and by those who do not exhibit symptoms.
  • Cloth face coverings can be fashioned from household items. Guides are offered by the CDC.
  • Cloth face coverings should be washed regularly. A washing machine will suffice.
  • Practice safe removal of face coverings by not touching eyes, nose, and mouth, and wash hands immediately after removing the covering.

World Health Organization advice for avoiding spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Hygiene advice

  • Clean hands frequently with soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub.
  • Wash hands after coughing or sneezing; when caring for the sick; before, during and after food preparation; before eating; after using the toilet; when hands are visibly dirty; and after handling animals or waste.
  • Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
  • Avoid touching your hands, nose and mouth. Do not spit in public.
  • Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or bent elbow when coughing or sneezing. Discard the tissue immediately and clean your hands.
Medical advice

  • Avoid close contact with others if you have any symptoms.
  • Stay at home if you feel unwell, even with mild symptoms such as headache and runny nose, to avoid potential spread of the disease to medical facilities and other people.
  • If you develop serious symptoms (fever, cough, difficulty breathing) seek medical care early and contact local health authorities in advance.
  • Note any recent contact with others and travel details to provide to authorities who can trace and prevent spread of the disease.
  • Stay up to date on COVID-19 developments issued by health authorities and follow their guidance.
Mask and glove usage

  • Healthy individuals only need to wear a mask if taking care of a sick person.
  • Wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing.
  • Masks are effective when used in combination with frequent hand cleaning.
  • Do not touch the mask while wearing it. Clean hands if you touch the mask.
  • Learn how to properly put on, remove and dispose of masks. Clean hands after disposing of the mask.
  • Do not reuse single-use masks.
  • Regularly washing bare hands is more effective against catching COVID-19 than wearing rubber gloves.
  • The COVID-19 virus can still be picked up on rubber gloves and transmitted by touching.

Is Coronavirus spread more prevalent among homosexuals?

 

Is Coronavirus spread more prevalent among homosexuals?




Is Coronavirus spread more prevalent among homosexuals?
My question is pertinent, since a lot of guys/girls including teachers, principles, tuition masters, priests, monks and politicians prey on under age children.
One Prime Minister of England of my time was sleeping with a child while holding office and his cohorts on both parties and journalists hid this fact.
I was trained in UK to catch the culprits and my last case was a UK police officer and I sent his pubic hair for genetic confirmation.
They (including the consort) vouched that the hair belonged to the dog.
My consultant (an Indian) did (suffice is to say, he got into trouble) did not confirm my findings that night itself and that night I resigned from my post and returned home with the first available flight, never to return to UK.
Before I left a female Prime Minister made homosexuality of consenting adults, legal in UK.
I recorded every (I was trained in pathology in Ceylon before I started migrating to Paediatrics) detail in a tiny O.P.D card just, enough for courts requirements in a future date.
Back at home in private practice I collected ample evidence of paedophilia and traced them to a care home run by a Swedish guy.
I intimated (not the true records) this to a incredible female politician holding high office with two young kids.
She allowed this guy to go scot free and her explanation was that we would lose tourist income.
Now my concern here not only epidemiology buts its mode of spread.
The authorities are slow to accept that it is an enterovirus, just like hepatitis B virus (DNA virus) with a long incubation period.
It has respiratory mode of spread too.
Coming back to AIDS (retrovirus) virus, it was transmitted by German servicemen working on kidneys of a particular tree monkey.
These Germen servicemen were homosexuals (African kids) and I guess they were even sodomites and bastards.
It is interesting that a particular group of our servicemen spread this disease in tandem with militarization of our body politics.

Coronavirus: Renowned Chinese scientist dubbed 'Bat Woman' warned of potential of COVID-19 pandemic

 

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Coronavirus: Renowned Chinese scientist dubbed 'Bat Woman' warned of potential of COVID-19 pandemic


Reproduction

Coronavirus: Renowned Chinese scientist dubbed 'Bat Woman' warned of potential of COVID-19 pandemic

By 9News Staff
A Chinese scientist dubbed the 'Bat Woman of Wuhan' warned the public of a virus outbreak from bats up to 15 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dr Shi Zenghli was the first to identify the gene sequence for COVID-19, having years of experience doing studies on viruses in bats and other animals.
In 2005, her research discovered that bats are the natural carrier of SARS-like coronaviruses, and in 2015 she predicted the devastation of such animal-borne viruses could have on humans in the modern world.
In the paper entitled 'A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence' it was argued that SARS "heralded a new era in the cross-species transmission of severe respiratory illness with globalisation leading to rapid spread around the world and massive economic impact".
"Although public health measures were able to stop the SARS-CoV outbreak, recent metagenomics studies have identified sequences of closely related SARS-like viruses circulating in Chinese bat populations that may pose a future threat,'' the paper she co-authored with 14 other scientists stated.
In a TED Talk around the same time about viruses, she referenced her research in bat caves around Asia, and said the proximity of some bat colonies to animal farms and human settlements were causes for serious concern.
"Even though we have been looking for so many viruses for so many years, SARS didn't come back,'' she said.
"But in fact, in nature, these viruses similar to SARS.
"Actually it's still there.
"If we humans do not become vigilant, the next time the virus gets infected, either directly or through other animals. This possibility is entirely possible."
Recently Dr Shi has had to defend her and her teams' research in China into bat-borne viruses at the Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV).
She is a key figure at the biosafety level 4 lab located in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, and is in the middle of international diplomatic tensions between the USA and China, accused of being at the centre of a 'government cover-up' about her findings into COVID-19.
Despite claims by conspiracy theorists and US President Donald Trump of the coronavirus being leaked accidentally or deliberately from a lab in Wuhan, numerous experts in the field have disputed this.
Scientists found that 66 per cent of the first cluster of 41 cases in Wuhan in December were linked to a wet market in the city.
In addition to this, the genetic sequencing proved that the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus did not match viruses sampled at the WIV.
Coronavirus: China’s diplomatic aggression on Australia
President of EcoHealth Alliance Peter Daszak called conspiracy theories like a lab leak of the virus as "preposterous".
"If you do the math on this, it's very straightforward. We have hundreds of millions of bats in Southeast Asia and about 10 per cent of bats in some colonies have viruses at any one time. So that's hundreds of thousands of bats every night with viruses," the disease ecologist told Vox.
"We also find tens of thousands of people in the wildlife trade, hunting and killing wildlife in China and Southeast Asia, and millions of people living in rural populations in Southeast Asia near bat caves.

"We went out and surveyed a population in Yunnan, China - we'd been to bat caves and found viruses that we thought could be high risk. So we sample people nearby, and 3 per cent had antibodies to those viruses.
"So between the last two and three years, those people were exposed to bat coronaviruses. If you extrapolate that population across the whole of Southeast Asia, it's 1 million to 7 million people a year getting infected by bat viruses.

"There are probably half a dozen people that do work in those [virus research] labs.
So let's compare 1 million to 7 million people a year to half a dozen people; it's just not logical."

WHO and CHINA'S Failure

 

WHO and CHINA'S Failure

Reproduction

WHO and CHINA'S Failure

The WHO has not pushed China on early missteps.

When cases of a mysterious viral pneumonia first appeared in Wuhan in December, Chinese health officials silenced whistle blowers and repeatedly played down the severity of the outbreak.
Even, as late as mid-January, as the virus spread beyond China’s borders, Chinese officials described it as “preventable and controllable” and said there was no evidence it could be transmitted between humans on a broad scale.

The WHO endorsed the government’s claims, saying in mid-January, for example, that human-to-human transmission had not been proved.

Critics say the organization’s repeated deference to Beijing exacerbated the spread of the disease. 
A group of international experts was not allowed to visit Wuhan until mid-February.

“They could have been more forceful, especially in the initial stages in the crisis when there was a cover-up and there was inaction,” said Yanzhong Huang, a global health expert specializing in China at Seton Hall University.

Huang noted that during the SARS epidemic in 2002 and 2003, which killed more than 700 people worldwide, the WHO pushed the Chinese government to be more transparent by publicly criticizing it for trying to conceal the outbreak.
At one point during the SARS epidemic, officials at hospitals in Beijing forced SARS patients into ambulances and drove them around to avoid their being seen by a visiting delegation of WHO experts, according to reports at the time.

WHO officials were slow to declare a public health emergency, critics say.

Even as the virus spread to more than half a dozen countries and forced China to place parts of Hubei province under lockdown in late January, the WHO was reluctant to declare it a global health emergency.

WHO officials said at the time that a committee that discussed the epidemic was divided on the question of whether to call it an emergency but concluded that it was too early. 
One official added that they weighed the impact such a declaration might have on the people of China.
After the United States announced a ban on most foreign citizens who had recently visited China, the WHO again seemed to show deference to Chinese officials, saying that travel restrictions were unnecessary. 

The group officially called the spread of the coronavirus a pandemic March 11.

Some experts argue that the institution’s delay in making such declarations deprived other countries of valuable time to prepare hospitals for an influx of patients.
“It reinforced the reluctance to take early strong measures before the catastrophe had actually landed on other shores,” said François Godement, senior adviser for Asia at Institut Montaigne, a nonprofit group in Paris. “The WHO’s tardiness or reluctance to call out the problem in full helped those who wanted to delay difficult decisions."
The WHO defended its actions, saying Wednesday that it had “alerted member states to the significant risks and consequences of COVID-19 and provided them with a continuous flow of information” ever since Chinese officials first reported the outbreak Dec. 31.

Guterres of the United Nations said, “It is possible that the same facts have had different readings by different entities.” He added in his statement: “Once we have finally turned the page on this epidemic, there must be a time to look back fully to understand how such a disease emerged and spread its devastation so quickly across the globe and how all those involved reacted to the crisis.”

China’s influence at the WHO is growing.
China’s leader, Xi Jinping, has made it a priority to strengthen Beijing’s clout at international institutions, including the WHO, seeing the U.S.-dominated global order as an impediment to his country’s rise as a superpower.
China contributes only a small fraction of the WHO’s $6 billion budget, while the United States is one of its main benefactors. But in recent years, Beijing has worked in other ways to expand its influence at the organization.
The government has lobbied the WHO to promote traditional Chinese medicine, which Xi has worked to harness as a source of national pride and deployed as a soft-power tool in developing countries, despite skepticism from some scientists about its effectiveness.
Last year, the WHO offered an endorsement of traditional Chinese medicine, including it in its influential medical compendium. The move was roundly criticized by animal welfare activists, who argued that it could contribute to a surge in illegal trafficking of wildlife whose parts are used in Chinese remedies.
China has sought to promote traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of symptoms of the coronavirus both at home and abroad. Last month, the WHO was criticized after it removed a warning against taking traditional herbal remedies to treat the coronavirus from its websites in mainland China.
China’s role at the WHO will probably continue to grow in the coming years, especially if Western governments retreat from the organization, as Trump has threatened.
“This is part of China’s efforts to more actively engage in international institutions,” said Huang, the global health expert. “It will not please every country or every actor, but it’s going to affect the agenda of the WHO.”
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

There was 6 Months Delay in Declaring Coronavirus Pandemic by WHO

The Coronavirus epidemic started in China around September, 2019.

1. Chinese Government delayed reporting it until 31st December, 2019.

2. There was a massive Econmic Forum held in China somewhere around this time.
They did not want to cancel or delay this forum on coronavirus scare.

3. Singapore Airlines took the infected individuals all over the globe including Astria. 

4. Astria enforced a tight pricol to contain it.

5. UNO office in New York is general paralized due to officialls on leave for about 6 weeks in the beginning of the year.
It takes another 6 weeks for the officials to sort out Internal and External communications.

6. Finally it was declared pandemic in the beginning of March, 2020.

7. A total of 6 months dekay for the virus to spread globslly including India and Africa.

8. How it got to Falklands Island is a mystery.
I coined "Foodborn" through broiler chicken imported from China.

Update on Coronavirus

 

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Update on Coronavirus

Reproduction
Update on Coronavirus
This retrospective case series includes adults 18 years of age or older with confirmed Covid-19 who were consecutively admitted between March 5 (date of the first positive case) and March 27, 2020, at an 862-bed quaternary referral center and an affiliated 180-bed nonteaching community hospital in Manhattan. Both hospitals adopted an early-intubation strategy with limited use of high-flow nasal cannulae during this period. Cases were confirmed through reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction assays performed on nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Data were manually abstracted from electronic health records with the use of a quality-controlled protocol and structured abstraction tool (details are provided in the Methods section in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org).






































Table 1. 
Characteristics of the Patients.
Among the 393 patients, the median age was 62.2 years, 60.6% were male, and 35.8% had obesity (Table 1). The most common presenting symptoms were cough (79.4%), fever (77.1%), dyspnea (56.5%), myalgias (23.8%), diarrhea (23.7%), and nausea and vomiting (19.1%) (Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix). Most of the patients (90.0%) had lymphopenia, 27% had thrombocytopenia, and many had elevated liver-function values and inflammatory markers. Between March 5 and April 10, respiratory failure leading to invasive mechanical ventilation developed in 130 patients (33.1%); to date, only 43 of these patients (33.1%) have been extubated. In total, 40 of the patients (10.2%) have died, and 260 (66.2%) have been discharged from the hospital; outcome data are incomplete for the remaining 93 patients (23.7%).
Patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation were more likely to be male, to have obesity, and to have elevated liver-function values and inflammatory markers (ferritin, d-dimer, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin) than were patients who did not receive invasive mechanical ventilation. Of the patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation, 40 (30.8%) did not need supplemental oxygen during the first 3 hours after presenting to the emergency department. Patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation were more likely to need vasopressor support (95.4% vs. 1.5%) and to have other complications, including atrial arrhythmias (17.7% vs. 1.9%) and new renal replacement therapy (13.3% vs. 0.4%).
Among these 393 patients with Covid-19 who were hospitalized in two New York City hospitals, the manifestations of the disease at presentation were generally similar to those in a large case series from China1; however, gastrointestinal symptoms appeared to be more common than in China (where these symptoms occurred in 4 to 5% of patients). This difference could reflect geographic variation or differential reporting. Obesity was common and may be a risk factor for respiratory failure leading to invasive mechanical ventilation.3 The percentage of patients in our case series who received invasive mechanical ventilation was more than 10 times as high as that in China; potential contributors include the more severe disease in our cohort (since testing and hospitalization in the United States is largely limited to patients with more severe disease) and the early-intubation strategy used in our hospitals. Regardless, the high demand for invasive mechanical ventilation has the potential to overwhelm hospital resources. Deterioration occurred in many patients whose condition had previously been stable; almost a third of patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation did not need supplemental oxygen at presentation. The observations that the patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation almost universally received vasopressor support and that many also received new renal replacement therapy suggest that there is also a need to strengthen stockpiles and supply chains for these resources.
Parag Goyal, M.D.
Justin J. Choi, M.D.