Debian 13 "trixie" released

Big THANK YOU

Debian 13 "trixie" released

August 9th, 2025

After 2 years, 1 month, and 30 days of development, the Debian project is proud to present its new stable version 13 (code name "trixie").

"trixie" will be supported for the next 5 years thanks to the combined work of the Debian Security team and the Debian Long Term Support team.

Debian 13 "trixie" ships with several desktop environments, such as:

    GNOME 48,
    KDE Plasma 6.3,
    LXDE 13,
    LXQt 2.1.0,
    Xfce 4.20

This release contains over 14,100 new packages for a total count of 69,830 packages, while over 8,840 packages have been removed as "obsolete". 

44,326 packages were updated in this release. 

The overall disk usage for "trixie" is 403,854,660 kB (403 GB), and is made up of 1,463,291,186 lines of code.

Thanks to our translators who have made the man-pages for "trixie" available in multiple languages.
The manpages-l10n project has contributed many improved and new translations for manual pages. Especially Romanian and Polish translations are greatly enhanced since bookworm. All architectures other than i386 now use a 64-bit time_t ABI, supporting dates beyond 2038. Debian contributors have made significant progress towards ensuring package builds produce byte-for-byte reproducible results. You can check the status for packages installed on your system using the new package debian-repro-status, or visit reproduce.debian.net for Debian's overall statistics for trixie and newer.

Debian 13 "trixie" includes numerous updated software packages (over 63% of all packages from the previous release), such as:

    Apache 2.4.64
    Bash 5.2.37
    BIND DNS Server 9.20
    Cryptsetup 2.7
    curl/libcurl 8.14.1
    Emacs 30.1
    Exim (default email server) 4.98
    GNUcash 5.10
    GNU Compiler Collection 14.2
    GIMP 3.0.4
    GnuPG 2.4.7
    Inkscape 1.4
    the GNU C Library 2.41
    LibreOffice 25.2
    Linux kernel 6.12 LTS series
    LLVM/Clang toolchain 19 (default), 17 and 18 available
    MariaDB 11.8
    Nginx 1.26
    OpenJDK 21
    OpenLDAP 2.6.10
    OpenSSH 10.0p1
    OpenSSL 3.5
    Perl 5.40
    PHP 8.4
    Postfix 3.10
    PostgreSQL 17
    Python 3, 3.13
    Rustc 1.85
    Samba 4.22
    Systemd 257
    Vim 9.1

With this broad selection of packages and its traditional wide architecture support, Debian once again stays true to its goal of being "The Universal Operating System". 

It is suitable for many different use cases:

 from desktop systems to netbooks; 

from development servers to cluster systems; 

and for database, web, and storage servers. 

At the same time, additional quality assurance efforts like automatic installation and upgrade tests for all packages in Debian's archive ensure that "trixie" fulfills the high expectations that users have of a stable Debian release.

This release for the first time officially supports the riscv64 architecture, allowing users to run Debian on 64-bit RISC-V hardware and benefit from all Debian 13 features. A total of seven architectures are officially supported for "trixie":

    "trixie"
    64-bit PC (amd64),
    64-bit ARM (arm64),
    ARM EABI (armel),
    ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf),
    64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el),
    64-bit little-endian RISC-V (riscv64),
    IBM System z (s390x)

i386 is no longer supported as a regular architecture: there is no official kernel and no Debian installer for i386 systems. The i386 architecture is now only intended to be used on a 64-bit (amd64) CPU. 

Users running i386 systems should not upgrade to trixie. 

Instead, Debian recommends either reinstalling them as amd64, where possible, or retiring the hardware. 

 

My Opinion for i386 Users in Asia and Africa.

Old hardware consumes lot of Energy but if one is cash strapped one can use Antix or Legacy OS but you may not be able to configure Wireless Network but one has to use the Ethernet cable.

AntiX

Reproduction

Please Note

Mind you I could not get a persistence USB working for me. This was some time ago and i did not read any instructions given below but went for MX Linux instead.

It said old kernel and new kernel but I had several goes but could not mount a persistent volume. I was crazy for a persistent volume since, I do many things with Live USB on and I wanted them to be available for my next boot.

Say I install Abiword and I want it to be available on next boot.

 

So I went for Puppy Linux (I have about 40 Puppy Linux images, saved) which used to save the current work for next boot in a USB.

This long time ago and Puppy is almost dormant only Easy OS satisfy persistence with some glitches. Sadly it does not support Abiword but has the bulky LibreOffice.
Problem with old Puppy Linux is they do not support Wireless Internet.

I hope Puppy Developers get active and sort out this minor irritation of not supporting Wireless Connection.

I tried Legacy OS and Dark Puppy and they did not work.

 

AntiX

 

The Most Extensive Live USB on the Planet

Back in 2009, the antiX developers foresaw that USB flash drives would be the wave of the future for live Linux media. 

During the ensuing eight years antiX has been refining their live-usb technology striving to improve the live-usb experience and to find new and unique ways for making use of fast read write live boot media. During this same time USB flash drives have got larger, more reliable, much cheaper, and much much faster.

Live Boot Loader
The antiX distro provides legacy, 64-bit UEFI, and 32-bit UEFI live bootloaders. Like many other distributions, our legacy Boot Loader provides convenient popup menus for easy customization. 

But, unlike the others, on the live-usb we also offer an “F8 Save” feature that saves your choices across reboots. This has got to be just about the easiest way possible to customize a live-usb. It is a trivial way to customize the language, timezone, and many other things.

 There are no popup menus in the UEFI boot loader (yet), but we do offer a series of text menus that provide the same level of customization and these choices can also be saved across reboots of the live-usb.

The live-usb-maker Tool
Not all live-usbs are created equal. 

Our iso files support the creation of live-usbs with the “dd” command, which is often easy and convenient. However, a “dd” live-usb copies the read-only iso9660 file system from the iso file so few of our special live-usb features will work since those features try to take advantage of read-write capabilities of usb flash drives.

We encourage you to use the live-usb-maker tool (available for both GUI and command line) to make antiX and MX live-usbs. 

This will ensure you get a full featured live-usb. 

If you have already made a “dd” live-usb or were forced to boot with a live-cd or a live-dvd, don’t worry.

The live-usb-maker tool offers “clone mode” which will copy your currently running antiX or MX live system to a new USB STICK without a copy of the iso file.

If you have an old system that won’t boot directly from USB, just make a live-usb clone of your live-cd/dvd, leave it plugged in and on your next boot select “F4 Option” –> “from=usb” and it will finish the boot on the live-usb you just created. This gives you access to most of our advanced live-usb features such as persistence and remastering (but we can’t currently modify the Boot Loader on a live-cd/dvd).

Both the command line and gui versions of live-usb-maker allow you to make an encrypted live-usb. The command line version offers even more options and customization.

Live Persistence
Live persistence lets you save changes to the root file system and changes to the home file system across reboots. When you select persistence (usually from the “F5 Persist” menu), the persistence files will get set up for you automatically the first time persistence is enabled.
The live persistence menu. 

All of the options in this menu are explained in the “F1 Help” system

Dynamic root persistence saves file system changes in RAM and then copies them to the “rootfs” file whenever the persist-save program is run (it can be configured to always run at system shutdown).

Static root persistence saves file system changes directly in the “rootfs” file. This means persist-save doesn’t need to run and no extra RAM is used. This is very fast on a usb-3 system. It is okay on a usb-2 system and it can be painfully slow on usb-1. You are free to switch between dynamic root persistence and static root persistence on every boot. On an old system with limited RAM you may want to switch to static root persistence before doing a big system upgrade because there will be no extra RAM cost for file system changes.

Live Remaster and snapshot
The live remaster feature provides a slightly more permanent way of saving changes to a live-usb. It creates a new compressed linuxfs file system which contains all of your changes. Typically, someone would use root persistence to store changes on every boot and then after a big upgrade use live remaster to compress all of those changes into the linuxfs file, letting root persistence start over with a clean slate.

You can now use the live-kernel-updater tool to change which kernel the live systems boots with. You need to first install the new kernel and do a remaster.

The snapshot tool works like remaster, but it creates an iso file. Unlike remaster, it can also be run on an installed system. Using the live remaster tool is sort of like combining snapshot and live-usb-maker in one step without having to bother creating an intermediary iso file.

Live Frugal Install
The antiX live system provides a fast, automatic “frugal install” option. This is “to-disk” analog of the toram feature. It copies the compressed file system and a few other things to a existing hard drive (or other) partition. On a fast system, you can do the frugal install and be booted into the new system that was just installed onto your hard drive in under 30 seconds.

Other Advanced Features
The live-usb-store feature creates a Live-usb-storage/ subdirectory in your home directory that gives you access to all of the remaining storage space on the main live-usb partition.

The live-usb-save feature will automatically save certain configuration files across reboots even if no form of persistence is enabled. For example, wireless networks and passwords are saved automatically. If a file or feature is automatically saved across reboots we say it is “sticky”. Sticky features include:

desktop=
wicd
nowicd
automount
noautomount
dostore
nostore
savestate
nosavestate
backlight brightness

As root you can control which files get saved by editing the “general-state-files” and “machine-state-files” in the /live/boot-dev/antiX/state/ directory. The general state files are saved and restored on all machines. The machine state files are only restored on the machine they were saved on. For example, if you have one machine that needs a custom xorg.conf file, you can uncomment /etc/X11/xorg.conf in the machine-state-files list and that machine will have its own xorg.conf file that will only be used when the live-usb is booted on that machine.

Other Live Features
The “toram” cheat puts the compressed file system into RAM so you are free to remove the live boot media. If you combine this with dynamic root persistence then you will be asked to re-insert the live-usb when it is time to save your changes.

The “from=usb” cheat allows you to start a boot with a live-cd or a live-dvd and end the boot with a live-usb. We call this a hybrid boot. It provides you with almost all of the live-usb goodies except saving changes to the bootloader. You can also use “from=hd” to boot from a hard drive partition or “from=cd” to boot from a live-cd or live-dvd. The default is “from=usb,cd”.

The “password” cheat will force you to change the password for the root and demo accounts. This provides an extra layer of security by changing the passwords well before any networking is enabled. On a live-usb you can also edit the general-state-files as described above and uncomment /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow so your changed passwords are remembered across reboots.

Video Tutorials
Both antiX and MX have many other live-usb features that haven’t been covered here. Many of them are explained in more detail on the Run with the Dolphin YouTube Channel . For example:

    Make a MX/antiX live-usb from other linux distros with the live-usb-maker-qt appimage
    Make a live-USB w/ persistence!
    Remaster your antiX live-USB

Customization
Instead of packing every conceivable program into the antiX live-usb, we kept it small and lightweight but made it extremely easy to customize. If there are programs you want that are missing from the live system, simply install them via Synaptic or cli-aptiX, do a live-remaster and voilà, it’s just like those programs came pre-installed.

You can view the four flavours of antiX: full, base, core and net as starting points for people to create their own custom systems. Once you’ve customized the system to your liking, you are just a live-remaster or an iso-snapshot away from making it your own. You’ll have your customized system on live media. You can use it to install on other machines, use it as a snapshot/backup of your system, use it as a rescue boot device, or use it to take your system with you in your pocket.

Conclusion
The small footprint, extremely fast booting (getting to a Bash command line in 5 seconds and an X desktop in 12 seconds on a fast system) and easy customization make antiX Linux an extremely good choice for a rescue live-usb as well as for day to day use as a live system. Many people use the live system exclusively and seldom bother to install.

Debian 13 has arrived, dead on time

Debian 13 has arrived, dead on time

By the way, Debian 13 has arrived dead on time. 

I have been using "Trixie" testing from the beginning of this year and it is already updated and would be downloading DVD-1 and KDE image (available in Linuxtracker torrent) to my archive.

By the I am not a fan of KDE but use Gnome. 

Things I need.

1. Synaptic Package Manager

2. Stacer

3. Notepadqq

4. Neofetch (gone dormant)

5. Etcher

6. Tilex

7. Minder

8.Htop

9. Deadbeef

10. Ranger

11. Revolt

12. GDebi Installer to install Ulauncher, Opera and Vivaldi browser

13. All the browsers including Brave

14. Dillo

15. Falkon

16. Konqueror

17. VLC

18. Audacious

19. Scribus

20. Inkscape

21. Jitsi

22. GIMP

23. Blender (very heavy )

24. Kdenlive

25. Kodi to test

26. Simple Note

27. Feather Note

28. Red Note

29. Basket Note

30. Joplin

31. Audacity

32. Firefox

33. I do not like TimeShift (bulky)

34. Gnome Pie does not work

35. Da Vinci (not working and proprietary)

36. Several Audio OLD Players

37. Abiword

38.  Of course the latest version of LibreOffice

3.9. Focus Writer

40. Open Office

41. Xournal 

Yes not even 50 utilities.

MX Linux Update

MX Linux Update

This just to say that MX Linux is one of the 4 distributions, I have in my NUC.

I use MX Linux KDE version which is 2.9 GB.

It has 3 versions.

1. Flushbox for low resource computers.

2. XFCE which is middle weight version

3. KDE my favorite

MX Linux relies on the excellent upstream work by Linux® and the Open-Source community, deploying Xfce4, KDE and Fluxbox as Desktop Environment/Window Manager on top of a Debian Stable base. 

We draw from the core antiX system and include work and ideas used by Warren Woodford for his MEPIS project. 

Ongoing back ports and outside additions to our repository serve to keep components current with developments.

 

 MEPIS Linux was my beginning to Linux Entry before I did know how to manage the the Terminal.

It was Graphic Intuitive for a beginner and if not for Mepis I would not have been a Linux advocate of today.

I morphed into Debian from Mepis and never turned back.

Unfortunately Mepis is dormant.

By the Debian 13 has arrived dead on time. I have been using "Trixie" testing from the beginning of this year and it is already updated and would be downloading DVD i and KDE image available in Linux-Tracker torrent to my archive.