Microsoft Monopoly
Even though, I do not use Window at all, the catalyst for my migration to Linux was none other than Microsoft Monopoly.
My First MINI Computer to Intel's NUC
My basic NUC has WiFi and Bluetooth.
It is cute.
Why I hate Microsoft and Bill Gate
Windows
is a shoddy operating system and resource hungry where my first
computer with 2 MB RAM could not handle Win 95 but I used Debian 6 with
over 6CDs could do a better job then. Later I migrated to Redhat since there were many books written from Redhat 7 onward.
Then of course, Caldera, Debian and Mandriva and still later Knoppix took me to New Heights in Linux.
About Mr. Bill Gate I have nothing personal to say and his divorce probably is good for both.
He getting venereal disease from a Russian tart is exposed by leaked Epstein files.
Hanging onto a breaking relationship is nerve racking to any human being.
I hope both do some productive work on their own volition.
My grouse with him is his ploy with manufacturers to insinuate OEM
hardware with BOGUS UEFI-MEFI (it was named Unified Framework but I used M
for Microsoft here for his personal use) or framework interface was an
atrocious business plan to stifle Linux users.
I do not have to take permission from Bill Gate to use open source
Linux in my laptop initially installed with Microsoft Windows.
It does not let me use legacy BIOS and still have a UEFI script
hidden in the memory or within the hardware architecture of the OEM
portion.
Simple method to overcome this ploy is to stick a SD of at least 32 GB and install the boot loader there.
UEFI won't let you use legacy GRUB to boot multiple Linux distributions.
I have now tried Linux ESP partition to bypass UEFI blocking mechanism.
If OEM software says no boot medium even after having installed a Linux distribution, this is what you have to do.
1. Download BSD TRUE OS DVD, Debian DVD 1 and Genome Partition (GPT) iso CD.
2. Install TRUE OS and it virtually takes over the Disk Drive of your laptop.
3. Unfortunately it does not let you boot any other distribution.
4. Boot GPT partition disk.
Delete the tank partition of BSD leaving only the ESP partition which the TRUE OS had created.
Then.partition the disk.with Ex4 or Btrfs partitions.
5. Mount Debian DVD and install.
You.have the option of using the unused part of the hard disk but
remember to.mount ESP partition (but do not format the ESP lest
partition.details are erased).
There is a very simple solution, if the Microsoft Media is not bootable.
1. Buy a mounted SATA disk and attach it to the Laptop.
One terabyte is cheap now.
I sometime go to Singapore and do my usual shopping and see offers for
about a week and by all the stuff one third the price in Ceylon.
Now Coronavirus has put a stop to it.
Coming back to the external SATA disk one partition it, they way one likes it.
Ultimately install a Linux distribution to boot from while attached to the laptop.
The GRUB boot loader will detect the distributions unbootable from the laptop and boot them via the external disk.
One can use a SD card or USB but installing a distribution in a
tightly packed USB is slow and may break down in the middle of the
installation.
That problem one does not encounter with a one terabyte external disk.
I have used my innovative methods to erase OEM blocking ploy with BSD and then to install Debian thereafter.
Unfortunately even Ubuntu gives up and succumb to UEFI ploy and it destroyed my booting options.
Only BSD does erase everything and install ESP partition.
Not even Debian can handle it.
The Menace of Microsoft UEFI
This is an Old Piece.
Debian is on again in my Laptop
I inadvertently erased my Debian Distribution in my Old Laptop.
I had problem installing it without Internet connection.
It is all due to this UEFI boot loader of Microsoft incarnation, in fact, trying an incarnation in reverse gear, on my laptop which I erased 5 years ago.
It (boot loader) does not let me install Linux without Windows.
The record of the UEFI haunted me.
Thanks to BSD but specifically TRUE OS I erased the UEFI, boot loader.
I had a installable DVD in my archive made in 2017, December.
Other DVDs I have was shy of erasing the UEFI boot record.
Finally Endless OS erased it but won't let me, dual boot Linux.
This is how to do it.
1. Boot TrueOS and install it.
2. Boot Gparted and delete the tank root partition.
3. But leave the ESP made by TrueOS untouched.
4. Boot Debian 10 latest CD1 (you do not need other Debian.CDs).
5. Install Debian in the free space by deleting tank partition.
6. Again do not touch ESP made by TrueOS.
7. Install Debian and let it do its partitioning.
8. It takes the remaining space for a huge /home partition.
9. I delete /home partition and resize it and make also a /boot partition for safety.
10. BIOS partition does not function in this scenario.
11. Debian install its base system and once it is over, it lets you select from the Taskel. the desktop types.
12. I select all except web server.
Hit install and it takes a bit of a time and I either sleep or browse my emails.
But remain nearby.
It stops and asks a few options for you to confirm including root password, user passwords and a few more questions.
Say NO to them since you are not connected to the Internet.
It wastes your time and your first DVD has everything you need.
It installs and eject the DVD.
Thanks again to TRUE OS developers.
Do not try Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution they hide behind UEFI, even though they claim UEFI compatibility.
This is true to Peppermint.and Mandriva.
I tried all of them and only Debian succeeded.
Thanks to Debian and Debian developers please take a leaf out of BSD overtures (by default) and do NOT feel shy to erase UEFI.
The U or Unified is not TRUE, it defies Unification logic.
Birth Story of Buddha
My mother wanted to go to Lumbini and I somehow raised the money.
However, she did not utter a word after the return having seen the "naked Niganatayan".
I was expecting her to ask me for a return journey but she did not.
Of course, she visited all the "Ata Mastana" or 8 religiously important places in in Ceylon.
Later my mother in law paid a visit to Lumbini with my family but I did not.
My brother in law foot the bill.
She never uttered a word about "Naked Nigantayan" .
I did not join.
I had look after our dog.
I give thanks to our dog Zimba for me not visiting Naked Nigantaysn in India.
I have revised my opinion having listened to Jayarathna Pathiraarchchci.
1. Born in Teldeniya now under water due to Polgolla dam. That is a huge conspiracy by the Queen Elizabeth.
2. Attained enlightenment in Dambulla.
3. Parnibbhana in Anuradhapura.
Relevance of Mihintale is probably related to the Ravana Story.
The "cock and bull story" of Vijaya and Mahinda Thera was also planted by Indians where colossal Ravana remnants and caves remained and the Indian owned the RAVANA story by default.
Yes, we have to revisit out history as stated by Jayarathna Pathiraarchchci.
This is stated in the "Gatha" my mother used to recite.
Now I do not believe in Pali at all since Pali is a creation by Indians Buddhagosha and Mahanama.
"Yannam padaya Nadiya Puline Che Theire (Teldeniya)
Yan Sathcha Buddha Girike Sumana Che Lagge (Sripada)
Yannattha Yonaka Pure (Makkama in Puttalam now under water) Munisocha Padan
Than (Three) Pada Lannchana Mahan Sirasa Namami"
Kalinga and Magada the Tamil Kings who reined from Christian Era 800 to 1200 years destoyed all the evidence related to Buddha.
CEYLONESE were not STUPID.
They recorded our history not only in Ola Leaves but on STONE.
Hela Basa predates Indian Brahmian Akshara.
Vijaya Story is a Cock and Bull Story
The facts, mentioned are hearsay and not documented.
There is an emerging concept in Ceylon, with Stone Edits or Sel-Lipi to support that Buddha was actually born in Ceylon.
For that matter, I do not believe in the Vijaya Story on scientific reasoning.
Word of Buddha reached China 700 years after Parinibbhana and was memorized in Sanskrit.
It reached Burma and Thailand 1000 or more years later, probably by sea route and was memorized in Pali.
Nepal or the Magada State is landlocked and Buddhism did not reach Tibet until 1200 years or more later.
One should assume that all these countries had some form of a belief system and were not conducive, if not antagonistic to imported form of ideas.
China is a good example.
Things were recorded in Matale, Aluvihara in Ceylon 1700 years later, after the passing away of Buddha.
My point here is, with passing away of time and cultural influence and errors in memory chain, nothing called Pure Dhamma existed but colossal literature, that include Dhammapada, which gives an insight, to the Teaching of Buddha.
Buddhas are not born in a landlocked country, something so small as Magada.
Buddha is born in Deepa or islands surrounded by sea and his teaching was spread by seas routes.
Historically, land is divided and captured by warring parties for centuries in India which was not conducive for a religion which teaches Avihinsa or Metta.
Aryans are not Indians but they migrated from Eurasian region may be from Tran-Iranian route.
The language of Magada in not Pali.
There is no country having Pali as the mother tongue.
I tend to believe Pali was invented by Indian scholars Buddhagosha and Mahanama to distort the Dhamma from the original Sinhala or Hela (Akuru) Basa or Language.
This is where the finding of Jayarane Pathiraarchchi is relevant.
He has written a book depicting, the old alphabet, to read our Stone Edits or Sel-Lipi.
His claims are substantial and containing research over nearly a half a century.
Besides,, Buddha won't use an arcane language like Pali to spread his teaching.
His teaching is universal for the entire world.
Dhamma should get stabilized in a country where, it would last long and conducive for future transfer.
There is no Buddhism in India, currently.
There are no Indian Buddhist monks.
In fact, Indians are hell bent on destroying Buddhism by all means, including writing it in Pali by Buddhagosha and Mahanama, or in Thripitaka to destroy its meaning or to hide the knowledge from the Indian masses.
That was not the intention of Buddha and we are still in Buddha-Warsha.
Ghosa came from India.
He came to destroy Buddhism (certainly not to alter Dhamma content) and Original Sinhala Language.
Pali was not a language belonging to a particular country.
It was creation by Indian using extended Alphabet of Sinhala.
There was Baminitiya Saya or famine.
During this period Maha Vihara sector came into prominence.
They named him Buddha-Ghosha.
Buddhagosha was a parasite from India.
He destroyed all Sinhala Ola Leaves after translating the Existing Sinhala Knowledge to Pali.
Indians were using Sanskrit, then.
Coming to Vijaya Story,
It is a Cock and Bull Story, after all.
This as hilarious as Sinhabhahu Story of Professor Sarathchadra that Sinhalayos were born after sex with a Lion.
It is a genetically impossible scenario.
Just to make point, Indian are good at creating stories to propagate their ulterior agenda.
1. No credence is given to that the knowledge (Buddhism) could transfer in the opposite direction from Ceylon to India.
India to Ceylon, one way traffic and Indian hegemony established in literature during the Kalinga and Maga Era.
2. Buddhism was transferred from Ceylon to India and subsequently destroyed by Hindus is as plausible.
3. Hilarious part is Samana Mahinda came down from space using an Indian Vimana.
4. He landed exactly on Mihintale exactly when the Ravana King was chasing a deer.
5. Following discussions were a literary pieces. I would not waste my time dealing with literature .
Buddha never used such a lengthy story to teach Dhamma.
6. Kuveni that was seduced was another vagrant story.
In actually fact, Vijaya was deported from India due to his sordid and inhumane activities. He accidentally landed in Ceylon and the original Ravana Clan fought violently and valiantly but they were probably subdued by brutality but they were not decimated but retreated to the hill country.
You should read my piece on prehistory of Ceylon reproduced, here.
This landmass, named Gondwanaland, then broke up. India with Ceylon and Madagascar attached moved upward into Asia.
My theory proposes a different context to the above mentioned statements.
Today, India and Ceylon stand on the same ocean shelf.
The continental shelf has an average width of about 12 miles around the island, where the mean depth of water is only about 200 feet, beyond which there is an abrupt drop to 3000 feet roughly two miles from the shore. Within 10 miles it drops further to 6000 feet and eventually plunging deep to 18,000 feet.
About 12 million years ago, Ceylon started to separate from the Indian subcontinent due to fluctuations in the sea level.
Siran Deraniyagala says that
the sea level would have dropped on at least 17 occasions within the
last 700,000 years.
The
last separation from India would have occurred about 10,000 years
ago.
During
the Stone Age, Ceylon was linked to India by a wide land bridge
across Palk Strait.
Today,
the sea is barely 100 feet deep in the Palk Strait due to limestone
deposition.
Prehistoric
data are rudimentary in our context and a global picture cannot be
made from the available archaeological data.
There
are many reasons but for completeness, sake I would briefly mention
only a few.
Number
one is we never had the scientific inclination to record events
accurately.
The period before 2500 years is only a folklore and romantic tales of many inaccuracies.
The
prehistoric man probably lived in caves.
They
had to share these caves with the big cats, if there were any.
It
was probably the battle between the man and the beast.
Probably
the man won most of the battles due to their shear numbers and the
winning outcome provided meat for subsistence.
When
the last of the colonizers arrived from India, there would have been
pitch
battles which were deliberately deleted from our history books.
Probably
our real ancestors retreated and a few probably survived as Vaddhas in
the jungles and caves.I do nit believe that the current Vaddhas descendants of our Prehistoric Man. The current Vaddhas are drifters from the main stream due to their way of life differed from vegetarianism of the main stream.
The
colonizers probably brought in diseases with them including small
pox, which would have wiped out many natives (almost to extinction).
I
have some reservation about the current Veddhas.
There is
hardly any difference from the main race except their rudimentary
language.
I believe they were drifters from the main stream who
preferred hunting as opposed to rigidly imposed Buddhist way of life.
Then of course some of the Buddhist monks with the inclination for meditation practice occupied most of the accessible caves as their birth right.
They
of course destroyed any evidence of or any remnants of prehistoric
life for good.
Another
conjecture here is that most of the caves of prehistoric importance
have taken the name of Alu Lenas meaning caves with ash. What
it means may be that the prehistoric evidence was torched to ashes
before converting them to temples by the occupants (mostly Buddhist
monks).
I
am puzzled why the new colonizers, the rulers, monks and civilians
destroyed these artifacts.
One
possibility was that they were scared of the demons in these caves
and pulverized everything that was prehistoric.
I do not want to believe that scenario since Buddhist monks have Pirith or vocal recitals to protect them from devils.
I am inclined to believe the destruction of any artifacts left, going back to 10,000 years was a deliberate act to conceal or suppress the unwritten history probably, the most intense warfare in Ceylonese history, the ancient man had with the new visitors from India.
They would have left bony evidence of violence and multiple fractures and pulverizing them to ashes was the only option left for the victors.
When
the colonizers of the West came in 2000 years later they did not have
any on record of the ancient man to write about.
The archaeological collections, I have extracted from various sources are stated below.
One
must take them with a pinch of salt.
The interpretations, if not biased may be largely exaggerated.
They
are not my interpretations.
My
Interpretations
However, I would like to go back to my
theory of the Origin of Ceylon with some slant to the prehistoric
findings.
There were evidence of sea shells found in the
interior of the country such as Kitulgala (2000 feet above sea level)
and Balangoda (2000 to 3000 feet above sea level) plain.
If I
repeat the three uplifts of the landmass of Ceylon, it would appear
that present Kitulgala and Balangoda would have been under sea water
many million years ago.
The first peneplain formed after the
original uplift due to the meteorite hit remained at 500 to 1000
feet.
This is probably the current lower plains of the coastal
region from sea to the foothills.
The second uplift contributed another 1000 to 2000 feet making the second peneplain at a level of 1500 to 2500 feet.
Kandyan Plateau at a higher level and Balangoda Plateau at a lower level.
The third or fourth uplift made the
hills in the middle of the country with rugged peneplain that rose up
to 8000 feet forming mountain ranges.
What it mean is that the final and the massive uplift due to the last meteorite contributed 4000 to 5000 feet of height to the landmass.
Now Kitulgala is
around 2000 feet above sea level which is close to Ginigathhena Gap
through which the road enters the hill country. This region could
have been under water before second uplift of the landmass. The
second uplift would have brought the seabed with it sea shells up and
some of which got trapped between the two peneplains.
Kitulgala
and Balangoda are located in the border zone where the gaps that
leads to the upcountry are formed due to erosion.
Of course Ginigathhena was where the trade passed through from the coast to the upcountry. Any trader would have brought sea shells there.
That is
the explanation given by the archaeologists (see below).
My counter argument is by the time the sea shells were brought in from the sea (unless very well preserved) they would be rotten (once in Kitulgala). Far better one eats them where they originated, in the coastal zone, instead of trading with the hill country folks.
Of
course, sea salt was one ingredient that came up through the pass even
in the prehistoric time (for preserving food).
The
word Bellan in Sinhala means shells.
The word Alu means
ashes.
Archaeological excavations indicate that there were prehistoric settlements in Ceylon about 300,000 or even 500,000 years ago.
There is firm evidence at present that there were prehistoric settlements in Ceylon about 127,000 years ago. The evidence comes from excavations in coast of Bundala, at Patirajawela, and Wellegangoda.
Settlements of the prehistoric period, known as the Stone Age, dating between 125,000-1000 BCE, have been found at Pidurangala, Patana, Dambulla and Mapagala.
Settlements of the proto-historic period known as the early Iron Age, dating from 1000-500 BCE have emerged at Ibbankatuwa and Pansalgodella.
Other
possible sites for early iron age settlements are Kadurugoda,
Mantota, and Kelaniya.
People
first settled in the coastal zones, and then moved up to fertile
tracts and to locations, in the central hills where there were
mineral resources.
Evidence of settlements could be found in
Kitulgala, Karadupone and Ravana Ella, all entry points to the
hills.
The central hills were mined for gems in the prehistoric period.
There are remnants of camps, and caves in the wet zone.
The camps were small, suggesting occupation by not more than a couple of nuclear families at most. Almost all were close to a stream or spring or were at the confluence of the tributaries with the main river. The network of footpaths that link the existing Purana villages today, pass through most of the sites identified.
So it is possible that many of these footpaths were in existence during early times. The earliest villages may have been about 3 hectares each.
The
occurrence of marine shells at inland sites such as Batadomba Lena
(Diva Guhava) points to an extensive network of contacts (Batandomba
lena is a pre historic cave system in Sudagala, 5 km away from the
town of Kuruwita) between the coast and the hinterland. There is
evidence from Belilena that salt had been brought in from the coast
at a date more than 32,000 years ago.
The earliest form of
cultivation was chena and kurakkan was the earliest food.
Kurakkan came here in 10,000 BCE.
It is a very hardy grain and was used as a
substitute for rice.
There were many varieties of kurakkans.
Rice cultivation can be seen from about 250 BCE.
Wetland rice
cultivation in its early form was an indigenous
development.
Excavations at Fa Hien Lena near Bulathsinhala,
Batadomba lena, near Kuruwita, Belilena, at Kitulgala (Belilena is a
famous large cave in Sri Lanka. It is located 8 km from the town of
Kitulgala) give credence to the above observations.
It holds evidence of a lost generation of Sri Lankans some 12,000 years old.
Alu lena at Attanagoda near Kegalle, Bellan Bandi
Palassa near Embilipitiya and Bandarawela, provided information on
the early settlers and their habitats.
Fragmentary remains of an
extinct race of Neanderthal Man were found in Fa Hien Lena yielded the
earliest evidence of anatomically modern man in South Asia.
He was labeled Balangoda Man.
Balangoda Man was at an estimated height of 174 cm for males and 166 for females. The bones were robust, with thick skull bones. The teeth were conspicuously large.
Balangoda Man appears to have settled practically every nook and comer of Ceylon ranging from the damp and cold high plains such as Maha Eliya (Horton Plains) to the and lowlands of Mannar and Wilpattu and the equatorial rain forests of Sabaragamuwa.
The camps were
invariably small thus suggesting occupation by not more than a couple
of nuclear families at most. They have eaten a very wide range of
food plants and animals.
They ate wild breadfruit and wild
bananas.
They have gobbled up every conceivable animal, from elephants to snakes to rats to snails to small fish. Tortoises and terrapins probably had been consumed. Their diet has been well balanced judging by the robust skeletal remains.
Balangoda man, like
stone age man elsewhere, had succeeded in domesticating the dog,
about 7500 years ago. Remains of early iron age man had been
found in just one site, Pomparippu.
The biological anthropology of this Early Iron Age man is different to that of Balangoda Man.
Fossils of animals and plants from the Jurassic period (I have my doubt about dating this far into 65 million years) have been found at Tabbowa wewa.
Fossil bones of rhinoceros were found in Ratnapura.
Tigers inhabited Ceylon about 135,000 years ago.
Their bones and teeth were found at Batadomba Lena recently.
Fossils of
hippopotamus, the ridge browed elephant, the Asian elephant, the
buffalo, the gaur, (The gaur, Bos gaurus, also called Indian bison,
is the largest extant bovine, native to South Asia and Southeast
Asia) and the rhinoceros have also emerged.
The island appears to have been colonized by the Balangoda Man (named after the area where his remains were discovered) prior to 34,000. They have been identified as a group of Mesolithic hunter gatherers who lived in caves.
Fa Hien Cave has yielded the earliest evidence (at
34,000 years) of anatomically modern humans in South Asia.
Several
of these caves including the well known Batadombalena and the Fa Hien
Cave have yielded many artifacts that points to them being the first
modern inhabitants of the island.
There is evidence from Beli-lena
that salt had been brought in from the coast earlier than 27,000
years.
Several minute granite tools of about 4 centimeters in
length, earthenware and remnants of charred timber, and clay burial
pots that date back to the Stone Age Mesolithic people who lived
8,000 years ago have been discovered during recent excavations around
a cave at Varana Raja Maha vihara and also in Kalatuwawa area.
The
skeletal remains of dogs from Nilgala cave and from Bellanbandi
Palassa, dating from the Mesolithic era, about 4500 BCE, suggest that
Balangoda People may have kept domestic dogs for driving game.
The Ceylon hound is similar in appearance to the Kadar Dog, the New Guinea Dog and the Dingo. It has been suggested that these could all derive from a common domestic stock.
It is also possible that they may have domesticated jungle fowl, pig, water buffalo and some form of Bos (possibly the ancestor of the Ceylonese cattle which became extinct in the 1940s).
The Balangoda Man appears to have been responsible for creating Horton Plains, in the central hills, by burning the trees in order to catch game.
However, evidence from the plains suggests the incipient management of Oats and Barley by about 15,000 BCE.
The transition in Ceylon from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age has not been adequately documented.
A
human skeleton found at Godavaya in the Hambantota district,
provisionally dated back to 3000 - 5000 BCE was accompanied by tools
of animal bone and stone.
Iron Age
A
large settlement appears to have been founded before 900 BCE at the
site of Anuradhapura where signs of an Iron Age culture have been
found. The size of the settlement was about 15 hectares at the
beginning but it expanded to 50 hectares, to a 'town' size within a
couple of centuries.
A similar site has been discovered at
Aligala in Sigiriya.
Wednesday, August 7, 2024
Simply MEPIS
This was probably was the beginning of my Linux adventure.
Origin: USA
Category: Desktop
Desktop environment: KDE
Architecture: x86, x86_64
Based on: Debian
Wikipedia: MEPIS
Media: Live DVD
The last version | Released: 1.5_11.9.92 | July 29, 2013
Zobacz po polsku Zobacz po polsku: SimplyMEPIS
Simply MEPIS – a live Linux distribution based on Debian stable and uses the KDE desktop environment.
It can be installed onto a hard drive or used as a Live DVD, which makes it externally bootable for troubleshooting and repairing many operating systems. It offers automatic hardware configuration, NTFS partition resizing, ACPI power management and WiFi support.
MEPIS was started by Warren Woodford and the eponymous company MEPIS LLC in 2002, and the first version was based on Knoppix.
The next releases were based on Debian stable, until version 6.0 (July 2006) and 6.5 which were based on Ubuntu.
After that, Simply MEPIS turned to Debian again.
The last available version of SimplyMEPIS 1.5 was released in July 2012, and was based on Debian “Wheezy”.
There are a few other distributions based on Simply MEPIS:
– antiX – used very lightweight IceWM and Fluxbox window managers. It was based on SimplyMEPIS which is based on Debian stable, then changed its base to Debian testing. The last version of antiX 15 has been built using Devuan scripts and packages.
– MX – built on the top of antiX by MEPIS and antiX community members; it is based on the packages of Debian stable and uses Xfce desktop environment instead of IceWM.
