Sunday, May 27, 2018

Citta or the Stream of Awareness (Consciousness)


Citta or the Stream of Awareness (Consciousness)


This short piece is for one who intends to practice Bhavana (Meditation).


I think the objective of the subject (in meditation) is to develop mind to a higher state or more sober state (Somanassa not Domanassa).


This basic knowledge is essential to overcome difficulties and sometime to bring back sanity (one can go mad) who has lost it due to wrong practice.


Some general points.


1. Mind is generally extremely fast and equally stagnant in a state of procrastination (indecisiveness).

I know mind is very fast and it does not rest even in my sleep.

in another guy/girl it may have different vibration (I do not like to use the word frequency, of course, by the way, if something vibrates it has a frequency).


This vibration cannot be quantified by alpha, beta or gamma waves. 
What I mean is we cannot extract these frequencies and playback as a record. 
Mind has many other properties which we cannot measure in an objective manner.


2. Thought process has no two thought processes which looks alike.


3. There are no two types of mind (conscious, subconscious).


4. Mind is not dormant or dead in sleep state.


5. Dreams are essentials part of the working brain but we do not remember most of our dreams.


6. What we call memory is transient and I think forgetting is the best defense it has in its capacity.


7. No two persons have (even identical twins) identical minds.


If that is not not confusing enough, if I use Abhidhamma (I would give a summary in 10 points later) terminology you would end up cursing me for causing the confusion.


Intention is not entanglement but attempt at clear comprehension.


Nothing is guaranteed by simple language.


Let us use the terminology, that the mind is not a process but a stream.


What are its qualities and behaviour?


1. It is a fast stream.


2. It never stops (even at death).


3. It likes entangling (conflicts) and clinging (dogmas) onto material and mental objects.


4. It rises, peaks to a steady state and then falls.


5. In other words it is in a state of flux.


6. It is never ending phenomenon which we cannot hold onto.


7. The stream breaks.


8. It vibrates.


9. It starts again.


10. It gets hold of another mind object or sense object (ear, eye, nose, taste, touch).


11. It focuses


12. It determines the content.


13. It gets attached.


14 It gets detached


15. It starts another thought process.


16. In fact, it is a mystery.



Abhidhamma description.


It is said each thought process has 17 thought moments and Javana has 5-7 thought moments.


The word Javana has no similar word in English and that is the term I really love.


The Javana I would like to call the Mind Monkey.


It is really a mischievous monkey.


1. Bhavanga sota (Attita Bhanga)


2. Bhavanga uppacchda


3. Bhavabga calana


4.Avarjjana


5. Viinnana (citta)


6. Sampaticharana (perception)


7. Santirana (momentary attention and investigation


8. Votthappana (determining-cognition)


9. Javana (running at full speed-Impulsion)


10 Tadalammana (Registering)


Saturday, May 26, 2018

Basic Tenets of Dhamma


Basic Tenets of Dhamma

The inclement weather made me to be home bound and compose myself to investigate the three words in our discussion and find the closest English rendition (as much as Sinhala cannot translate them correctly, English fare much worse).

As I write this there is a YouTube session on the Internet on, and an American Lady (lay person but taken the role of a preacher) is having a talk show and stating that there is an anti-universe and in there life of beings is eternal and there is no death but permanent existence.


What a hoax?

To her my prediction is that even the anti-universe is subjected to state of flux and extinction and another round of universe and anti-anti universe would come into existence.

But our discussion is on mind and its behavior which can grasp or cling into both the micca diiti (wrong view) and samma ditti (right view).

The bottom line is we should not corrupt the Pali Terminology.

1. Animitta          Conditionless

2. Apanahita        Desirelss

3. Sunatta            Emptiness or Void

What I find to my surprise is that they are the three of the 18 contemplative states described for monks with correspondingly higher states that can be attained in Vipaasana Meditation.

Suffice is to say these are very difficult to accomplish by an

ordinary layperson.

My subsequent investigation leads me to the following summary.

The base line technique which is easy and useful for focusing the mind is nothing but Ana Pana Sati.

What is the objective?

Attainment of Dyana is the correct term for the commonly used term Jhanas (4 to 8 in number) that could be attained momentarily.

These states are not the same but similar to the psychological effects of psychedelic drugs.

These are very addictive states and bring out rapture and happy states and have the proclivity for more of the same arousal tendency, craving and delight in essence.

That should not be the attitude of the meditator but is a hindrance to upward mobility.

They are not permanent and subjected to change.

That is why one should contemplate the Anitta, Dukkha and Anatta principles in these state of arousal.

As one ascends through higher Dyana levels the technique is to drop the mental states that are hindrance to the next level and finally achieve the highest level which is Upekka or Equanimity.

The next stage is to contemplate on detachment, abandoning and extinction leading to Nirodha.

I have summarized the states achieved in the first 4 levels, below.

The seven elements of Enlightenment are

1. Sati or Mindfullness

2. Dhamma vicaya or the Truth Principle.

3. Viriya or Energy

4. Piti or Rapture

5. Passadhi or Tranquility

6. Smadhi or Concentration

7.Upekkha or Equanimity

The seven states of enlightenment developed and frequently practiced leads to Wisdom and Deliverance (Vijja-vimutti).


Samadhi or the Concentration
In other words the attainment of four to five Jhana absorptions.
In Jhana Absorptions, there is complete but temporary detachment from all five sensual spheres and of five hindrances or the 

Nivarana
They are
1. Kamacchanda (Loba)
2. Vyapada(Dosa)
3. Tina Middha (sloth and torpor)
4. Uddhakka-kukkussa(restlessness)
5. Vicikiccha (doubt)

1st Jhana State one attains
1. Vittakka (thought conception and attention to thought-thinkink)
2. Vichara (reflecting or on inner speech or discursive thinking)
3. Piti (rapture)
4. Sukha (joy)
5. Ekaggata (one pointedness)

2nd Jhana State
Vittaka is dropped.
1. Vicara
2. Piti
3. Sukha
4. Samadhi are accompaniments.

3nd Jhana State
1. Piti
2. Sukha
3. Samadhi
4th Jhana State
1. Sukha
2. Samadhi

5th Jhana State
1. Equanimity
2. Samadhi

Beings of other planets have attained the next four levels (5 to 8) of higher mental states and for lack of proper terms they could be called Divine Entities.

The four Jhana states practised and attained at Patisnandhi state of mind would cause births in better worlds higher than the earth. 

Unfortunately in these states they are unable to acquire new Kusala Kammasa and it is practically a dead end and once the Kamma is consumed, they fall into lower levels including birth in world system like ours.

It is just like one who has a big saving account and he/she withdraws money little by little before full maturity and empties it in no time.

Full maturity should be taken as Nirodha Samapatti.

Pangna or Wisdom
This is the understanding of the Four Noble Truths, the suffering, the origin of suffering, the path for cessation (Nirodaya) of suffering and the cessation of suffering. 
This is the more difficult and is the intellectual pursuit of Vipassana Meditation.

The Samatha Meditation is the more practical and easy way of meditation. There are about 40 objects for Samatha Bhavana (Vissudhi Magga has over 1000 objects) and one should select one which suits the personalty.

Objects of Insight Mediation
There is lot of commercial advertisement to meditation, I thought of giving a little resume for the novice.
There are 18 kinds of insight knowledge that can be used as objects of Vipassana Meditation.

It is Knowledge or Truth or Dhamma based meditation as opposed to Samatha Meditation.

1. Annitta Contemplation of impermanence

2. Dukkha Contemplation of unsatisfactoriness (suffering)

3. Anatta Contemplation of non self

4. Nibbhidana Contemplation of disinclination or aversion

5. Viraga Contemplation of dispassionateness

6. Nidodha Contemplation of extinction or cessation

7. Patinissangga Contemplation of of abandonment

8. Khayanu Contemplation of body

9. Vayanu Contemplation of state vanishing

10. Viparinama Contemplation of state change

11. Animitta Contemplation of state of conditionlessness

12. Apanihita Contemplation of state desirelessness

13. Sunnatta Contemplation of state of emptiness or void

14. Adhipanna Contemplation based on higher knowledge

15.Yathabhuta Contemplation based on knowledge and vision of reality

16. Adhinavana Contemplation of misery

17. Patisankha Reflecting or thinking on contemplation

18. Vivatta Absence of cycle of existence – Nirodha samapatthi

Friday, May 25, 2018

Objects of Insight Mediation


Objects of Insight Mediation

There is lot of commercial advertisement to meditation, I thought of giving a little resume for the novice.

There are 18 kinds of insight knowledge that can be used as objects of Vipassana Meditation.

It is Knowledge or Truth or Dhamma based meditation as opposed to Samatha Meditation.

1. Annitta Contemplation of impermanence

2. Dukkha Contemplation of unsatisfactoriness (suffering)

3. Anatta Contemplation of non self

4. Nibbhidana Contemplation of disinclination or aversion

5. Viraga Contemplation of dispassionateness

6. Nidodha Contemplation of extinction or cessation

7.Patinissangga Contemplation of of abandonment

8. Khayanu Contemplation of body

9. Vayanu Contemplation of state vanishing

10. Viparinama Contemplation of state change

11. Animitta Contemplation of state of conditionlessness

12.Apanihita Contemplation of state desirelessness

13. Sunnatta Contemplation of state of emptiness or void

14. Adhipanna Contemplation based on higher knowledge

15.Yathabhuta Contemplation based on knowledge and vision of reality

16. Adhinavana Contemplation of misery

17. Patisankha Reflecting or thinking on contemplation

18. Vivatta Absence of cycle of existence – Nirodha samapatthi


Thursday, May 24, 2018

Mind or Citta

Citta (substitute mind or consciousness in English)
  
1. Mind (Citta) in fact, is a factory of formation of mental factors of diverse ideas, opinions, contradictions and conflicts.

2. It is a never ending process.

3. It is a tool for attention and distraction.

4. It has the flux of rising, peaking and falling formations or phenomena.

5. It is an agent of attachment.

6. It has no self or ego but boundless cosmological presence.

7. It is in motion and continuity of concepts but no real or virtual purpose. 

8. Ciita, Cetasikas and Sankhars are its  domains.

9.  It can exist both bound to and outside the matter principle.

10. It is never free but bound by its own compulsions and inconsistencies.

11. That is why I call it a mystery.

12 Try to free it from dogmas, opinions and conventions and try to elevate it to a higher dimension blend with kindness, joy and pleasantness.

Monday, May 21, 2018

Benefits of Meditation and Lapses in My Memory- An Update


Benefits of Meditation and Lapses in My Memory- An Update
I have reproduced a piece I have written 4 years ago,
reason being that I forgot all my bank cards PIN numbers for a brief period recently.
I used A's Pin Number to B's Pin number and after three attempts bank inactivated all my cards.
Mind you, I luckily had an account in a different Bank and survived until my new card arrived.
All this due to enjoying my retirement and paucity of use of the daily routines.
So I immediately, joined my account with a family member.
The other thing that one forgets is the passwords for email accounts.
I have addressed that scenario in length elsewhere.
Just like forgetting PIN numbers and passwords if one abruptly stops
Practicing Meditation, what ever the benefits accrued will dissipate in no time.
That is why I recommend (and practice MM) Moment and Frequent Meditation (mental) exercises.
Having said that I have not found a solution for lapses in my memory.
I still do not carry a Memory Note with me.
Now my NEW method is counting the the lapses of my memory on daily routines.
How many lapses a day?
That seems to keep my memory fine tuned.
I sometime forget to fill the bowl with water for my dog.
He is totally blind and when this happens he seems to go in circles round the house to bring attention to its needs.
He reminds me of the routine and the lapse in my memory.
My dog has a fantastic memory (in our age he is nearing 100 years) and still behaves like a 7 year old kid and won't do anything to annoy me.
That is the difference of a pet and a human soul. 
Humans when old becomes very grumpy for no reason.
There is lot to learn from a dog.
This is part of the introduction to my Book on Meditation.
Benefits of Meditation
There are many claims of benefit of meditation often poorly substantiated. Some of these benefit can be obtained without resort to meditation but simple change in life style.
Suppose a meditator changes his food habits drastically say to a vegetarian diet and practice meditation as a routine and finds that his blood cholesterol is lowered significantly, and then if he or she attributes it to the practice of meditation, there is a big flow in that argument.
One is not sure whether the change in diet did effect the blood cholesterol level or the practice of meditation or both did have independent or summation effect on the level of blood cholesterol. Unless one take a random sample and assess the partial correlation, then only one can attribute combination or independent effects on a particular quantity tested.
Qualitative changes cannot be tested since one cannot quantify the results. In actual fact the effect of meditation is often qualitative and very individualistic and one cannot feel the same effect a different mediator would have felt at the time of his or her meditative stance or instance/s.
This is very true as far as the Jhana States are concerned.
With that reservation in mind one can describe the many unmeasurable benefits attributed to meditation in Buddhist literature.

Metta Meditation

In Buddhist literature it is claimed that one who practises Metta Meditation falls to sleep easily and get up in the morning peacefully.

It is wished in the last three lines of the Sutta.
By reciting Karaniya Metta Sutta one should feel physically and psychologically better, one is made free of illness and one attains the highest goal or victory.
That is of course the Nibbana.
They may be just wishful thinking or one may actually feels better physically and psychologically.
It is also claimed that the natural immunity to cancer and infections are increased by practicing Metta Meditation.
This is something Venerable Ajhan Brahma Wanso preaches in most of his teaching.

Present Moment Meditation

This is something that is worth discussing here.
It has direct relationship to day to day activities.
I believe it has significant contribution to the efficiency of one’s trained skill, simply due to the intense concentration one may apply in his or her work skill at hand (without any distraction).
It is simply the focused attention to the task at hand.
If one is focused on any work, the efficiency goes up by leaps and bounds.
This is very well shown in management training.
When focused attention is combined with attitude to work and other measurable increase in environmental components the work output and the efficiency levels improve.
This is something shop or floor manager can use in day to day basis.
It is called a Quality Drill.
It does not matter how one qualifies the content or the output but the efficiency of the skill concerned improve by both repeated practice and focused attention to the moment of the activity.

Samatha Meditation

There is no specific measurable benefits of Samatha Bhavana or meditation except the attainment of the four goals or paths of entry to Nibbana,
Buddhist spiritual goal is stream entry through development of Jhanas four in this life and 8 in celestial life.
Smatha probably is better for those who are less intelligent (One who is not able to master the finer scientific points in Dhamma).

Vipassana Meditation

This the highest goal of Buddhist meditative practice.
It is claimed that all states of Jhana can be attained by Vipassana Bhavana or Meditation. I may be wrong in this assertion but that is what is spread among the lay persons without full knowledge or the understanding of mediation.
But when I looked at the terminology, it is said that Vipassana Bhavana would not contribute to absorption states.
This (Vipassana) is called the gaining in insight by direct contemplation and vision.
Only in Samatha Bhavana one attains the Jhana absorption levels up to four.
Only when an aspirant has gained the higher Jhana level that one could develop the five kinds of supernatural powers (Abhiñña) the divine eye, divine ear, recall of past births, thought-reading and various psychic powers i.e. walk on water.
The attainment of the supernatural powers is not the real goal of Buddhism.
The attainment of these powers may actually be a distraction or hindrance to a true aspirant or a pathfinder of Buddhist path of glory.
The ability to absorb into Jhana states should not be the goal of Buddhist meditation.
The Jhana states have no hindrance and the Jhana/s could be the way forward of stream entry.
The practice of meditation may bring many benefits and they are difficult to quantify or qualify except perhaps the benefit of present moment of meditation or focus which should be practiced without a label of a particular religion.
It is when one has labels and targets or goals of attainment, the practice of meditation becomes a commercial enterprise of undesirable consequences, ignoring the correct but simple way of development of the mental culture.
I am one who believes that mediation has value in all wakeful hours of the day.
The only exception is when one is asleep and when one dreams.
I am one who talks about dreams and write about dreams and their physiological value is unparalleled only by the practice of meditation in the wakeful state.
The meditation practice is the awareness of the wondering mind and its taming.
That is the Buddhist way.
The goal is not achieving of miracle powers, even though they may or may not come as a byproduct.
Sleeping (and dreaming) is the practice of letting the mind go into an unobtrusive and unhindered state in which the mind is unaware of the physiological inputs that operate in random manner with aberrations of awareness (of the totality) but with interludes of dreaming cycles.
On the other hand meditation is to “let go the attachments” one has with all the mental faculties both sensual and mind centered.

Goals of Buddhist Meditation

The goal is the spiritual attainment (Jhana states can be a byproduct) and stream entry by progressive cultivation of meditation basically by four common methods (there are many more).


1. Metta Meditation.


2. Samatha Meditation with Kasina or various Kamatahans.


3. Vipassana Meditation.


4. Moment Meditation (my simple creative method of short durations of multiple attempts).
This is adequately dealt by Venerable Ajhan Brahma Wanso, in the book "Happiness Through Meditation". It is also published as “Meditation, Bliss and Beyond”.
It is the best book currently available on Meditation in general and my intention here is to make it more of global nature and take the religious tag at the moment of its use.

Memory and Meditation

I want to share a drill I practice on day to day basis.
This is especially because, I am beginning to lose my memory and there are short lapses infrequent though, but enough to raise alarm bells on my part lately.
Once I forgot all my password for bank cards briefly.
This was during our long industrial action when I had a laid back approach to life in general and sleep in particular.
I was not having an adequate sleep (totally engrossed in Linux downloads and testing the isos) at night.
This coincided with forgetting of passwords for half a dozen emails and Linux forum passwords.
This shook my inner senses and I now have a ready made retrieval method based on memory drill.
The combination of Metta Meditation and Moment Meditation have worked wonders for me since then.
I now even have a simple protocol to remember 16 number Visa Card.
The memory loss was partly due to gray matter losing its material and the neural networks not recharging to peak levels, probably due to old age (this handicap is seriously encroaching my body parts, if not the brain).
Metta meditation makes one sleeps well not in one go but in two short spells (Night is the shortest spell when I do most of my work to avoid mosquito menace. The mosquitoes make me aware of my lack of Metta Meditation).
Our dog is the target animal for Metta.
Mosquitoes was the antidote to Metta.
Then in the morning I have a brief 5 minutes of Moment Meditation practice at the end of it, I have a mental list of 10 things or map out the tasks to do for the day.
If the list go up to 20, I do it in two spells like my sleep.
A morning list and an evening list.
That has worked well for the last one year and I still do not carry a piece of paper with all the tasks.
If I have to carry a piece of paper to to remind me the day to day work, I think I should say Good Bye and take first steps for the next round of birth.
That is on top of my wish list.
Since, I have not yet achieved stream entry, in spite of my mediation efforts, that will eventually happen (the demise not the stream entry) and is the only viable option left for me.
There is a simple addition to that wish list.


No electronic aids or tinkle to alert me of the wish list or missing tasks.


I do not use a cell phone by default.


I do not want a gadget to master my brain.


I rather "Master My Brain" instead without a phone alert or a piece of paper.
I wonder, how long I can practice it?



Sunday, May 20, 2018

Pathways to Liberation



Pathways to Liberation
This is a brief summary on the pathway to liberation of all bonds. 
 
Mind you English is deficient in vocabulary and Pali terminology is highlighted, here.
One need to try the four abodes as a preparation.

1. Metta (Compassion)
2. Karuna (Loving Kindness)
3. Mudhitha (Sympathetic Joy)
4. Upekkha (Equanimity)

The oppostes are
1. Loba (Greed)
2. Dosha (Hate)
3. Moha (Delusion)
4. Raga (Bondage)
One can approach this with five levels of transcendence.


1. Saddha or Faith
This the entry point and the faith in Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha and High Moral Conduct (Sila) are essential for stream entry to the path of liberation.

2. Viriya or Energy
Abandoning of unwholesome deeds (both born and unborn) and acquiring wholesome (both born and unborn)

3. Sati or the Mindfullness
This is actually the Satara Satipattana Meditation.
Kayanupassana (Body)
Vedananupassana(Feeling)
Cittanupassana(Mind)
Dhammanupassana (Dhamma)


4. Samadhi or the Concentration
In other words the attainment of four Jhana absorptions.

In Jhana Absorptions, there is complete but temporary detachment from all five sensual spheres and of five hindrances or the Nivarana.

They are
1. Kamacchanda (Loba)
2. Vyapada(Dosa)
3. Tina Middha (sloth and torpor)
4. Uddhakka-kukkussa(restlessness)
5. Vicikiccha (doubt)

In first Jhana State one attains
1. Vittakka (thought conception and attention)
2. Vichara (inner speech or discursive thinking)
3. Piti (rapture)
4. Sukha (joy)
5. Ekaggata (one pointedness)

2nd Jhana State
1.Vittaka, Vichara are absent.
2. Piti
3. Sukha
4. Samadhi are accompaniments.

3nd Jhana State
1. Sukha
2. Samadhi

4th Jhana State
1. Equanimity
2. Samadhi

5. Pangna or Wisdom
This is the understanding of the Four Noble Truths, the suffering, the origin of suffering, the path for cessation (Nirodaya) of suffering and the cessation of suffering. This is the more difficult and the intellectual pursuit of Vipassana Meditation.

The Samatha Meditation is the more practical and easy way of meditation. There are about 40 objects for Samatha Bhavana (Vissudhi Magga has over 1000 objects) and one should select one which suits the personalty.

This is where a Master who is adept at Meditation could be helpful.

In Samatha Meditation one may dwell in Jhana absorptive states with morbid attachment to them due to their pleasing and pleasant nature. 
 
It could be a hindrance to the upward progress.

These states should be considered as accompaniment of meditative mental states and one should brush aside the morbid attachment.

There are no Jhana states for the Vipassana Meditation but one who progresses through Samatha Meditation could gain the Vipassana goals as a byproduct in later stages.

These Jhana absorptions are five in number that can be attained in meditative states.
The Jhanas of 1st to 4th states are born in Rupavacara lokas (worlds) when they leave this world after death.

In that sense, Jhana States are meritorious but they can be consumed in toto and the subjects be born again in lower states.
Only after one attains the Nibbana that one is not born in either Rupavacara or Arupavacara worlds.

All the states are temporary, impermanent and subject to change depending on the extent of the bearers Kamma Stream.
The Jhanas from 5th to 8th are states experienced by celestial beings in the Arupavacara states.

Jhana States and the Types Celestial Beings

Beings of Rupavacara or Material Spheres are

1. Jhana of 1st absorption
Brahma-kayika deva including Mahabrama

2.Jhana of 2nd absorption
Paritabha, Appamanabha, Abhassara devas

3. Jhana of 3rd absorption
Pariita subha, Appamana subha, Subha kippa devas

4.Jhana of 4th absorption
Vehaphala, Asanna satta, Sudhavasa (anagamis) devas
Beings of Arupavacara or Immaterial Spheres are

5. Born with 5th Jhana State
Devas of Akasanancayatanupaga
(of Infinity of Space)

6. Born with 6th Jhana State
Devas of Vinnapancayatanupaga
(of infinity of Consciousness)

7. 7th Jhana State
Akincannayatanupaga
(of Nothingness)

8. 8th Jhana State
Devas of Nevasanna-nasansnnayatanupaga
(Neither perception nor non-perception)