Rough Guide to the Tree Equivalent of Man and their Re-plantation

Rough Guide to the Tree Equivalent of Man and their Re-plantation

Posted on January 31, 2011

Rough to the Tree Equivalent of Man and their Re-plantation

This is not referring to the commercial scale of replacement since the rate at commercial scale exploitation cannot be estimated to any accuracy.

This is based on the use of tree, timber and its products by man during his productive life.

If we were to sustain each man or women has to grow at least 10 trees and maintain them till their mature life. This has to be done in 4-5 year cycles and older you (above 35 years) are the cycle has to be at least 1-2 years.

Ideally each man or woman plants a tree on his / her birthday!

1. The use as timber products for roofing and housing

2. To replace the use of paper products

3. Use of fire wood (this has to be in relation to the use)

4. The use of furniture

5. Wastage in every production line

6. The trees not sustaining themselves due to bad planting or weather conditions

7. The last 4 are for unaccountable felling and vandalism encountered and may have to vary according to the country.

This amount is to keep the balance of nature. If one has a house with 4 adults in it this estimate makes it 40 trees around their neighborhood and the way the houses are built in a city next to each other there is is no room for to grow enough trees.

Not even a single tree or hedge to act as windbreaks and shade. (please look at how rich Americans build their houses and walkabouts).

That means every major city has to have a buffer zone (this is how the ancient people built cities) of tree cover equivalent the population that is incarcerated in the name of development.

Colombo city can never regain its splendor what ever we do now for it.

The Kandy city has almost 3 three times population density of Palestine Refugee Camps and we are going to be no different to Israel in another 10 or 20 years.

We are losing it faster than it’s regeneration.

Regarding the commercial exploitation the re-plantation has to be according to the tree’s cycle. If the tree grows to maturity in 4 years for every tree harvested 4 should be planted and only a few trees fall into this category.

For some trees, if it is lost it is lost for ever.

They take may be 400 to 500 years for it to grow to maturity and often not reproducing fast enough due to their longevity and this simple equation cannot be applied in recreating it natural habitat.

This is only a rough estimate and we have lost about 60% of our forest cover in 50 years of unsustainable use.

I do not think these people with mega-development ideas have understood the problem or have insight into the matters of concern we are facing now.

The have no futuristic goals but presence of mind for exploitation.

Very soon we will be like Dubai, the work we have to do now is enormous if we are to arrest these trends.

Way forward to Insight (Vipassana) and Tranquility (Samatha) Meditation

Way forward to Insight (Vipassana) and Tranquility (Samatha) Meditation

Samatha or Vipassana

Samatha=Tranquility

Vipassana=Insight

Sati = Awareness

I found it very difficult to concentrate on the breathing technique or the Anapana Sati and the Tranquility Meditation is not my kind of stuff.

Why?

In medical setting we tend to analyze every bit of physiology and patho-physiology before arriving at or formulating a plausible diagnosis.

In that setting breathing unless abnormal or labored (Asthma, Heart failure) one is not interesting to medical guys.

Equally treatment (Morphine) for one can kill an asthmatic patient by depressing the vital breathing. In an asthmatic, it is the breathing that is labored.

In heart failure it is the heart which is failing and the breathing apparatus is trying to compensate for lack of oxygen.

There is panic in both conditions and making a correct diagnosis is difficult (even to an astute physician, if he/she is ignorant or the patient history).

This is why medical people keep records and do not get misguided that they remember every detail about you.

One is interested in the triggering or precipitating factor if the patient history is known.

For me normal breathing and breathing exercises (mindful breathing) is bit of an antithesis.

In addition, there is respiratory acidosis and alkalosis that may accompany labored breathing or even long period of meditation.

I prefer normal breathing to altered breathing patterns and be aware of my presence, if not breathing.

In this scenario, the preferred practice for me is Insight Meditation.

Insight means that you have some understanding of the basic problem.

In that sense the three basic tenets Anitta (impermanence), Dukkha (suffering) and Anatta (non-self) are important.

The postulation is that, there are only mental phenomena and no abiding guy or girl behind these mental formations or Sanskharas.

There is contact (Passa) that arouse feeling (Vedana) signaling the perception (Sanna) that concur with the conditional mental formation (Sanskhara).

These mental formations that arise and fall, one after the other without a break drive the beings (Bhava) in all of the endless live formations (Sansara).

There are good and bad mental formations.

One has to have the right knowledge to distinguish good from the bad.

That right knowledge has to be devoid of Loba (greed or craving), Dosa (hate), Moha (delusion) the triad of all the mental formations which are 54 in number.

The pathway to happiness is by relinquishing, abandoning and extinction of all evil mental formations.

In that sense, the path leads to happiness.

That alone is not sufficient since ultimate goal is balancing all mental formations, even happy ones (equanimity).

This is why Samatha guys and girls get attached to the Jhana states both in Rupa (subtle Form planes) and Arupa (formless planes, mind only) planes of existence.

There is a caveat here, these guys and girls live for eons in these planes and forget the goals they seek for and fall abruptly to lower planes.

Whereas the Insight guy, live almost a sainthood life (Sovan, Skurudagami, Anagami) for a shorter life span of the cosmos and attain the goal or Nibbana, the Samatha guy (no girls in heaven by the way all males) relish wondering in beautiful abodes.

It is left to you to decide which path to go by Samatha, the long path or the Insight the shortcut.

Pick your choice.

It is all about, the good and the bad, the knowledge,the happiness, good life and extinction at the end.

The extinction part may be difficult, if one does not understand the meaning and the ultimate goal.

That is why it is said very few would attain the merit of sainthood or score the vital goal through a narrow goalpost.

The Mind or the Citta

Durangamam, ekacaram, asariram, ghuahasayam

Ye sittam sannamesanti mokkhanti marabandhana

Fairing far, wandering alone, bodiless, lying in a cave, is the mind.

Those who subdue it are freed of Mara

Wandering alone No two thought moments are alike but changeable and move fast

Bodiless Mind is not understood as of material form

Lying in a cave No particular association with a site or an organ (brain for example). Conditional association with the body and dependent on material things

Yam rupam nissaya Dependent on material form (in the form of life-existence)
Mara Described as of five kinds in Buddhism

1. Death
2. Passions
3. Activities both moral and amoral
4. Association with sense organs (eye, ear, nose, tongue and skin–touch)
5. Extremes of passions

Translated by Reverend Narada Thera of Vijirarama, Sri-Lanka

Pali Verse-37

My comments (Asoka):

The first sentence of this verse addresses the nature of the mind in descriptive terms.

The second sentence addresses the needs of its control.

There are no terms like conscious, subconscious, personality, id, ego and superego. The concepts when analyzed with the three basic tenets of Anatta, Dukka and Anatma (devoid of permanence, satisfactoriness and person) ingrained in Dhamma are quite the opposite of western psychological analysis. The representation of the behavior of the mind is lucid and simple. The mind resides in the cave (material body) but has no formal material form but quite free to wander on its own. The seat of its residence is neither indicated as to the brain nor the heart. This is also quite significant since in medical parlance the mind and its various perceptual functions are mapped to various anatomical regions in the brain.

Yam rupam nissaya– further reinforces this impression that the mind depends (arising from) on material thing (form) but not specifically localized in terms of reference to any focal point of origin.

Buddhist psychology has a distinctive form and with opposing themes of no-self, no soul or having any permanent substantial entity but subjected to eternal vagaries of change. To borrow a scientific notion, similar to the behaviour of energy (which cannot be made from nothing nor destroyed altogether), the mind in its subtle form that arises within biological forms (having an organized neural system) is dynamic in nature.

As going by modern psychology of not having a personal, emotional and cognitive elements to represent the behaviour of my memory, thoughts, beliefs and prejudices, I am really stuck and at cross roads.

I have only one option left though, but to delve into Abhidhamma. The fear aroused in me was much more than when I started experimenting with Linux. In experimenting with Linux I had windows to fall back to, if I failed. In this scenario I have nothing to fall back to except to my own insecurity. In any case the plunge was considered worthwhile.

I organized myself into certain compartments.

1. Contemporary physiological psychology of Mind
2. Behavioural psychology of Mind in Abhidhamma Context
3. Application if any?

The content of the Abhidhamma is colossal and the following discussion is very selective. Patisandhi, Bhavanga, Avajjana, Pancavinnana, Javana and Cuti were the essential words mentioned in Abhidhamma out of 14 characteristics. One unexpected finding was Sutta explanation include six elements or essentials.

Solid Pathavi

Liquid Apo

Heat Tejo

Motion Vayo

Space Akasa

Consciousness Mano

Abhidhamma explanation of six psycho-physiological elements are

Eye Visible Object Visual Perception

Ear Sound Audible Perception

Nose Odour Smell

Tongue Food Taste

Body Touch Sensory Perception

Mind-element Thinking Thought Process

(Mano-dhatu) (dhamma-dhatu) (Mano-vinnana-dhatu)

1. Bhavanga

This is the essential mental accompaniment of every conditional of existence. It consists of succession of three components, arising, formation (development) and decay of thought moments. Arising and perishing it flows like a stream not remaining the same for two consecutive moments and is called by Bhavanga-sota (stream of consciousness). It has a past, present and a future course and is present in both wakeful and sleep states in a dynamic continuum.

2. Avajjana

In its formal existence the stream of consciousness Bhavanga-sota is subjected to attention and focus of a new thought process coming from all six senses. The stream is disturbed (Bhavanga-calana) and arrested momentarily (Bhavanga-upacchheda)

3. Pancavinnana

The six senses take over the perception (a physiological process) depending on the attention (avarjjana) focused. The three processes, the reception (Sampaticchana) of the (impulse or the impression), investigation (Santirana) and determination (Vothappana) of the impulse set forth an important mental activity called Javana.

4. Javana

Javana which consists of 4 to 7 thought moments is the most important part of the mental activity as far as Buddhist psychology is concerned. Javana means dynamic and running and this is the psychological stage where the Buddhist ethical concepts stand out prominently. Good and the bad, in effect the Kamma Concept (moral and immoral Javanas) is ingrained in this mental activity. The quality of the Javana is dependent on the intensity of the Sanna which is graded into four intensities. While feeblest of Sanna does not give rise to Javana.

In Jhana absorptions there are five (5) thought moments. This is quite acceptable concept in physiological responses (all or none) as the threshold and sub-threshold impulses. However the grades are finely defined in Abhidhamma into 5 grades.

5.Tadaramnna

The object of the Javana thought process in effect get registered in the stream of consciousness soon after. After tadarammana the stream of consciousness lapses into Bhavanga.

6. Patisandi (relinking) and Cuti (death consciousness)

The Kamma Concept is invariably associated with rebirth and the other two mental activities are rebirth consciousness (Patisandi-relinking) and death consciousness (Cuti) or the passing away from one life to another. As Patisandhi is the initial thought moment of life, so is cuti the final thought moment. The Bhavanga-sota flows into the next cycle of existence and carry with it the immense potentials of past Kamma Energy. If one is to accept the Abhidhamma Concepts the personality and emotionality of an individual is based on the mental activity that is neither destroyed nor different from the previous existence. Na ca so na ca anno; the identical stream of Kammic Energy.

Thought Moments

The contentious issue is the duration of a single thought moment which is considered very, very small. I do not intend to delve into time since it is a linear concept of only two dimensions which is not adequate to measure a multi-dimensional concept called the “thought process”. It is said that there are 17 thought moments for the impulse of the Sanna to alert awareness in Mind (consciousness). If one takes the transmission time of an impulse along a long un-myelinated (slowest conducting) nerve fiber, what we are talking about is in milli-seconds. One should not have any difficulty in perceiving that, the normal (ordinary) thought processes having fraction of a second duration.

What one is not sure is how finer is these measurements when somebody is in Jhana absorptions. If we are to take time as a relative concept as in modern physics this difficulty is imaginary.

Memory

It is a striking fact that there is paucity of discussion about memory in Buddhism. Sati does not correspond to western conception of memory and mindfulness is better equivalent. Samma-sati in fact is right consciousness and not memory. Similarly, Sanna is only a precursor of memory. The characteristic of Sanna is cognition of an object by way of its special attributes (mark of recognition-colour, rose). The stage of tadarammana(registering)in thought process can be considered as the final stage of memory (imprint) construction.

Could it be that the Kamma that is the vehicle for memory in Buddhist connotation?

In other words memory cannot be compressed into a one single existence. Similarly, the habits that one inherits, is the composite of many previous existences of personalities and not a single product of a single existence. It seems that the Buddhist thinking is quite at variance with the modern behavioural psychology.

The attempt at localizing memory to certain parts of the brain is made in physiological psychology. Certain parts of the brain seem to localize short term and long term memory but the chemical mediators (memory proteins) that are proposed as modifiers of this function are not identified convincingly as yet.

Are we barking at the wrong tree?

How is that some individuals who are exceedingly gifted with fluency in many languages (but ordinary people at best can master two or three languages)?

One should realize that I have not given conclusive evidence for or against the Abhidhamma Concepts. The intention was to present Dhamma concepts as it is in the scriptures without corrupting and rendering my interpretations. However, I have posed appropriate questions that come to my mind as a starting point for an apprentice wayfarer which I am.

Perception of Nature or Nurture

Modern psychology gives greater significance to behavioural modification assuming that nearly 50% is inherited and other 50% nurtured. This equation has outlasted its practical use. In modern day analysis in every matter with some obscurity related to biological phenomena that include mind, three elements have to be taken into account. There are genetic, environmental and unknown factors to consider (roughly 30% as far as intelligence is concerned) when analyzing scientifically.

The above simple equation has to be modified if one is to apply the Abhidamma Concepts for personality, emotion and behaviour. Instead of two factors at least three factors which include unknown elements should be considered in evaluation of mind and its behaviour.

Significantly Abhidhamma does not waste its energies on mundane affairs and its concentration is on wholesome Kammas and attainment of higher mental states leading to Nibbana. One should not waste time in discovering mundane psychological facets in Abhidhamma. Instead one should concentrate on developing Sati and concentrating on four Satipatthanas (Kaya, Vedana, Citta and Dhamma).

Bhavana is the only way

What happened to Gambas or Gon (a bull) Bass (is unskilled workman in Sinhala)?

What happened to Gambas or Gon (a bull) Bass (is unskilled workman in Sinhala)?

Posted on October 23, 2011

Gambas

Gambas is a free development environment based on a Basic interpreter with object extensions, a bit like Visual Basic™ (but it is NOT a clone !). Read the introduction for more information.

With Gambas, you can quickly design your program GUI with QT or GTK+, access MySQL, PostgreSQL, Firebird, ODBC and SQLite databases, pilot KDE applications with DCOP, translate your program into any language, create network applications easily, make 3D OpenGL applications, make CGI web applications, and many more robust work

The Gambas project aims at making a graphical development environment based on a Basic interpreter, so that the language is as easy as Visual Basic under Linux but much better and less bugs.

The phenomenal quantity of bugs and inconsistencies in Visual Basic had persuaded developer me to start a fresh project. It seems that Microsoft was aware of the poor quality of its language, as VB, dot-Net (.Net) was not made backward compatible with older versions of Visual Basic.

Gambas does not try to be compatible with Visual Basic, and will never be. Its syntax and internals are far better than the one’s seen in its proprietary cousin.

The author who had very good understanding of Visual Basic from childhood, took from Visual Basic, the Basic language, the development environment and the user interfaces and dropped the bad practices in common use of Visual Basic program and made Gambas coherent, logical and reliable as possible.

Features

Below are the main features of Gambas and what sets it apart from the other languages.

Gambas is a Basic language with object extensions. A program written with Gambas is a set of files. Each file describes a class, in terms of object programming. The class files are compiled, then executed by an interpreter. From this point of view, it is very inspired by Java.

Gambas is made up of the following programs:

A compiler.

An interpreter.

An archiver.

A graphical user interface component.

A development environment.

The development environment is written with Gambas itself, so that I can show the abilities of the language and is useful for debugging.

What are the features that set Gambas from the other languages?

1. A Gambas project is stored under one directory. The archiver transforms the project directory structure in one sole executable file.

2. Compiling a project only requires the compilation of the modified classes. Every external reference of a class is solved dynamically at the execution time.

3. Gambas has a component architecture that allows it to extend the language. Anyone can write components as shared libraries that dynamically add new native classes to the interpreter.

Components can be written in Gambas too. The component architecture is documented in the Wiki encyclopaedia.

4. By default, the Gambas interpreter is a text-only program. The component architecture is used for writing the graphical user interface part of the language.

5. As the graphical user interface is implemented as a component, Gambas is independent of any toolkit!

One will be able to write a program, and choose the toolkit later : GTK+, Qt4, etc.

6. The graphical user interface is the Qt4 toolkit. The GTK+ component which is not finished will have almost the same interface as the Qt4 component.

7. Gambas projects are easily translatable, in any language.

8. Its object model is simple but powerful.

About the Author

Welcome to you, curious!

You’re going to know almost everything about me…

My name is Benoît Minisini.

I am a French man born in 1972, living in Paris. Programming is one my passion since I was twelve, and is now my job for many years now. This passion started with the Basic language on a CPC Amstrad 464, and later on an Atari 520 STE. Of course, now, I am using many other languages, but I never forgot that I have learned and done a lot with Basic.

I was always fond of writing languages, compilers, assemblers, and interpreters. I wrote a Z80 assembler on Amstrad and an interpreted language that consumed all its memory.

Later, during my studies at the E.P.I.T.A., I wrote a Lisp interpreter under Windows. During six months, I discovered its stupid memory model, the Microsoft compiler, and its numerous bugs.

Today, I keep on raging with the Gambas

Thanks to my boss, I have a half-time job, so I have worked actively on Gambas for the last years.

But I have other passions too, that burns lot of my time. That is music .

I’m playing flute for a long time – and theatre.

So, the development of Gambas is not as fast as it could be.

I hope your curiosity was satisfied…

Acknowledgment

Gambas is build on top of many free softwares, and could not exist without them.

So I would like to thank every people involved in the following projects:

Linux

KDE

GCC and all of the GNU tools, of course.

The Qt4 toolkit.

The GIMP and its toolkit GTK+

Libre Office.

The MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite database management systems.

And any other libraries used by Gambas.

That is enough for as an introduction to language packages.

I pronounce it as Gon (a bull) Bass (is unskilled workman) in Sinhala which is the phrase we use when the workman does a shoddy job. But that reference has no slur on this wonderful package which love the most. Unfortunately only few of the distributions port it as is. That is why I was very expressive here.

It needs to be there for the young newbies to take root in Linux.

Identity Crisis

Identity Crisis of a Key
Have you ever thought of the identity crisis the key would have of its own if s/he has a brain? 
Who am I the duplicate or the triplicate or the original?
Who goes first, me the original, you the duplicate or you the romeo?
Who will have the break me, you or the other?
Have you ever thought of what will happen if 100 replicas are produced from a single stem cell and the names of the beings such produced are given?
Stem Cell-01 being, 02 being to 100 being.
What will happen if they decide to come to a supermarket for shopping with only one credit card given to the original stem cell?
What will happen if they come for a super bowl?
It is mind boggling isn’t it?
Thank god the key does not have a brain of its own!

Key Point

Key Point

What is the best place to hide a key? I say in the key hole! Then who is going look after it? I haven’t got a clue!

What is the best place to keep a car key? It should be inside the car and locked! Then who will drive the car? I guess car key should!
I wonder, if the world is without keys and locks? Then evolution and innovation of man would stop at that point of time!

4MLinux

This is an old piece and Mandriva (not its derivatives) extinct but not 4MLinux

Small Is beautiful with UnetBootIn and Making Mandriva Flashdrive

I do not do any of these now but sleep well since I changed to Debian.

As mentioned already Mandriva is good idea badly implemented and slow to boot. One can remember Mandriva had Globe Trotter and Live Pendrives. Now the new Mandriva is bulky and difficult to work with just for for fun I decided to make Mandriva Flashdrive (I do not know how long I will keep it before erasing the image).

Steps are as follows.

1. Download 4MLinux all in one. 2. Download Mandriva image (better try another distribution). 3. Boot 4MLinux 4. Go to maintenance and click UnetBootIn 5. Plug in a Flash drive (I tried 8 GiB Flashdrive) since the image is heavy. 

One has to format it with FAT beforehand. I had 6.5 for Mandriva and another 1.5 as a reserve partition. 6. Give the path to your image (need not be Mandriva any you have downloaded). Root—> Media—-> Disk—–> Image 7. Click OK and in about 5 minutes you have Mandriva in a Flash.

8. Now to reveal how bad the new Mandriva boots (if you have 1 GiB RAM like me), go and make a cup of Tea/Coffee. I finish my tea (boiling the water to brewing and drinking it before Mandriva booted and fired up the FireFox). It did not go to Mandriva site as it used to do.

This is why I am happy that I left Mandriva long time before their split and use 4MLinux for my work on Live sessions and say “Small is beautiful” and promote Unity Linux and (Core Linux on top of one can built ones own packages) its derivative HUMANity Musician edition (currently downloading, the last 100 or so MiB). Unity is one of the earliest Core Live CDs before PCLinux stormed the community with Big Daddy (only in archives now).

It broke away from Mandrake and formed Unity and there are at least 8 derivatives and one of which is TinyMe.

One does not need to be FAT to be productive when the cloud is promoting thin clients. 4MLinux even though tiny and only 60 odd MiB, it can be destructive if you use it’s partition utility without due care. It only detect the first hard disk and if you select sda1 instead of sdc or /d or /e by accident your will boot Mandriva Live instead of your prized distribution (gone as you press OK in the dialogue box) in the first hard disk. Please take care and the UnetBootIn graphic mode fonts are very tiny for an old folk like me.

But I did not do any mistakes, simply because I check my actions especially typos now before clicking OK in any command line operation.

Citta and Mental Formation (Cetasika)-A Summary

Citta and Mental Formation (Cetasika)

1. Akusala

Loba 8

Dosa 2

Moha 2

Total 12

2. Kusala

Loba 8

Kusala/Akusala Total 20

3. Vipaka

Akusala 7

Kusala   8

Kusala / Akusala Total 15

4. Kriya

Akusala 3

Kusala 8

Kusala /Akusala Total 11

Total 20 + 15 +11= 46

3. Sasankharika Kusala Vipaka Ctita (prompted)

4

4. Asankharika Kusala Vipaka Ctita (spontaneous)

4

Total 46 + 8 = 54

5. Sahetuka Meaning there are antecedent roots

24 (all Kusala)in the Kamavacara World

6. Ahetuka Meaning there are no antecedent roots

7+8+3=18

7 Akusala

8 Kusala

3 Kriya

5. Domanassa

2 under Dosa (I need to be corrected here.

6. Somanassa (only Kusala implied)

Kusala 8

Vipaka 8

Kriya 8

Total 24

7. Jhana

5

8. Magga

4 Four Paths of Knowing the suffering

9. Pala

(that are cultivated by meditation)

Ekaggata- One Pointedness

1. Vitakka

2.Vicara

3. Piti

4. Sukha

5. Sati
6. Passadhi

7. Samadhi

8. Upekkha

What one has to know is as one progresses higher one is left with two states of Samadhi and Upekkha (the highest level)

10. Ultimate Goal is Panna or Wisdom

Alien Visitation and Power of Mind

Alien Visitation and Power of Mind

Please read the Roswell incident if you need further information.

Teleportation, Telepathy, Mind Reading and Creation of Forms are some of the abilities, that these alien visitors had to overcome and prevent being captured by the Area 5 investigators.

America (I believe Russia also had one facility) had a secret facility and I believe that the Bob Lasar’s story is somewhat (cooked up CIA version) of an attempt to misinform.

However, Mind Reading experiments took an abrupt stop for some unknown reasons.

But these investigations and acquiring knowledge and technology went on until the treaty was signed in 1963.

That is the period that America and Russia needed to reverse engineer and form a defense capability against alien interference and also of their own self defense.

I have nothing against we developing our own defense mechanisms as long as the third 3rd World War is avoided.

(Having said that one nasty guy from an occult cult be the one who could detonate a nuclear bomb).

We have not overcome the problem.

It is our right as human beings.

One theory is that aliens visited us was to warn us about nuclear catastrophe.

But that is only the tip of the iceberg.

They have been visiting us well over 50,000 years but the records of them have been destroyed by our forefathers except in a few land locations on this planet.

They have been exploiting this planet and human advancement was a hindrance to their exploitation.

I tend to believe, that they have had a hand in creating secret societies and religious cults to subjugate us.

Partial disclosure was due under President Obama and he probably gave up, under pressure (who pressured him I can only speculate).

The 2012 to 2014 Ha Hoo about world catastrophe is one side of the story.

It was all hushed up.

Then came President Trump and we will never know of the true history of mankind.

(The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) is the abbreviated name of the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, which prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground.

It is also abbreviated as the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (NTBT), though the latter may also refer to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which succeeded the PTBT for ratifying parties).

Underground testing had adverse effect on the original tectonic plates (many earthquakes) and I believe most of the global warming is the result of fossil fuel and coal power generation.

We Ceylonese have joined the band wagon now.

America under President Trump wants coal industry and fossil fuel to prosper.

All these stories about total disclosure are now covered by the dust of global warming scenario.

If the world leaders do not have the guts to come to reality, it is the time for the Buddhists (Dalai Lama included) to spread the Dhamma around, the Globe and ask for real state of affairs from super states and super-leaders. 

 

If they do not they cannot be recorded as heroes in human history.

UNO as an organization has failed and it will fail as long as it is funded by America.

The Lord Buddha had subtle messages about (his visiting the deities and deities visiting him) all these scenarios but did not deviated from his role as a teacher and to teach us;

Metta, Karuna, Muditha and Upekkha.

Upekkha (equanimity) is the highest state of mind one reaches only after emancipation.

Following is a summary of the Jhana states and the special Abilities developed in Jhana state 5.

1^st Jhana State

One attains

1. Vittakka (thought conception and attention to thought-thinkink)

2. Vichara (reflecting or on inner speech or discursive thinking)

3. Piti (rapture)

4. Sukha (joy)

5. Ekaggata (one pointedness)

2^nd Jhana State

Vittaka is dropped.

1. Vicara

2. Piti

3. Sukha

4. Samadhi are accompaniments

3^nd Jhana State

1. Piti

2. Sukha

3. Samadhi

4^th Jhana State

1. Sukha

2. Samadhi

5^th Jhana State

1. Equanimity

2. Samadhi
One has special powers when born with this Jhana (Five in number).

Abhinna

1. Iddhividha

Flying through the air, walking on water, diving into earth, creation of forms etc. belongs to this category.

2. Dibbasota

Is the celestial ear, also called clairaudience, which enables one to hear subtle or course sounds far and near.

3. Paracittavijanana

Is the power to discern the thoughts of others.

4. Pubbanivasanussati

Is the power to remember the past lives of oneself and others. This is the first supernormal vision the Buddha developed during the first watch on the night He attained the enlightenment.

With regard to this knowledge the Buddha’s power is limitless while in the case of others it is limited.

5. Dibbhacakkhu

Is the celestial or divine eye also called clairvoyance which enables one to see heavenly or earthly things far or near which are imperceptible to the physical eye.

This was the second knowledge the Buddha developed during the second watch on the night of his enlightenment.

These five kinds of supernormal visions are worldly, to this be added the sixth supernormal knowledge Asavakkhayannana knowledge with regards to the extinction of passions which is supermundane or the Nibbana.

The first kinds may be developed at any period but the last only during a Buddha cycle of about 2500 to 5000 years (my interpretation).