DNA and RNA Basic Knowledge

DNA to RNA to Protein 

The Basic Knowledge

An outline of  the processes involved in DNA and RNA synthesis is given below.

It is not comprehensive but limited to the understanding the basics. 

The basic model is from DNA to RNA to Proteins.

Proteins are the structural models which are produced in the Ribosomes of the cell.

Ribosome is the protein synthetic factory in the cell.

The Nuclear DNA does all the coordination.

There are intermediate organisms who can synthesize everything else given only a few basic ingredients. 

They are called independent organisms.

Then again, there are biological agents which need living cells for their regeneration.

They are called parasites.

Viruses fall into parasitic group.

There are DNA viruses which are larger and much organized and there are smaller parasitic RNA viruses.

Some Viral RNA can act as RNA Polymerase (in other words as an enzyme to produce proteins) independent of the DNA.

Some viral RNA can reverse transcript to form DNA template for replication.

They are called Reverse Transcriptases (forming DNA).

Viruses though, independent agents but needs cellular agents (Ribosomes) for their reproduction and hence they basically are parasitic. 

CoviD 2 to CoviD-19

Covid Virus has 3 components.

1. Spike Protein

2. Envelope Protein

3. Membrane Protein

 

1. There are numerous spike proteins. 

The name Corona takes the name from these spike like proteins on the outside of the RNA particle.

2. They Envelope proteins are synthesized by the Viral RNA using the Ribosome of the host cell.

3. Membrane proteins are acquired by the Viral RNA when entering the cell from the cell membrane.

4. This ability of the Viral RNA to assimilate host proteins for its own survival is the most important weapon this virus has apart from its ability to mutate and form variants.

5. The receptor for the virus is ACE Inhibitor Receptor in the respiratory cells.

6. Serene protease is utilized in breaking down the ribosomal proteins.

7. This virus has both enteric phase and a respiratory phase of development.

8. Act as a RNA mediated RNA polymerase.

9. Vaccines are generally produced by

a) Original inactivated viral (parasitic) proteins

b) Recombinant proteins using both DNA and RNA

DNA replication is easy while RNA replication in the laboratory is difficult.

c) Since Coronavirus is very small it is tagged to other known

 immunogenic antigens in addition to adjuvants.

DNA of Adenovirus of a simian money is used in Sputnic vaccination.