Rendering In Linux

In Linux,
rendering means turning data (like 3D models, text, or video) into the visual images you see on screen, either by using the powerful GPU for speed (hardware rendering) or the slower CPU when drivers are missing (software rendering). 

It's the process of drawing interfaces, applying lighting, calculating perspectives, and displaying graphics, with Linux offering different methods (like Mesa's llvmpipe for software or DRI for hardware acceleration) to achieve this, affecting performance and smoothness. 
 

Types of Rendering in Linux

    Hardware Rendering (Direct Rendering): Uses your graphics card (GPU) for fast, efficient drawing, crucial for games, video, and design. The Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) framework enables this in Linux.
    

 Software Rendering (Indirect Rendering): Uses the CPU to draw everything, typically a fallback when drivers aren't installed or compatible. It's slower but provides broad compatibility for servers, VMs, or older hardware.
    Font Rendering: How text characters are drawn and smoothed on screen, with Linux having various methods (like FreeType) that affect clarity and sharpness

Home Network

 Home Network

Time has come for the computers to go quantum.

The way the Internet is expanding 32 characters for a given name may become obsolete.

Leaving “character space” between keyboard characters is open to numerous virus attacks.

Routers can be attacked easily and being a Linux Guy I do not approve window’s easy methods.

In the early days in Ceylon (there were no routers), I had to go to Singapore to get a router for my home base.

Even the University did not have prime time facilities.

 

Guy who left the Engineering Faculty without completing the Degree stole the passwords of the University Email Service.

 

I had a university email but never used it knowing its vulnerability and had my own Samba Network at Home and never exposed my critical work including research.

I was dual booting with windows then (not now).

One day, I found my daughter's computer attacked by a guy in the engineering faculty.

We made sure he never completed his degree but all my life I only penalized only one foreign student who was not up to the mark in the medical subject I taught.

 

He was fixed up with a non medical degree.

The Best Router and Home Network Names

Ideas for personalizing your router name

by Bradley Mitchell

Updated July 16, 2019

What's the name of your home network?
Most home networks have a name that is the SSID of their primary home broadband router. Some homeowners keep the default names of their routers such as linksys or AEFLHB198Z-2GJ, while others prefer to assign a more personalized name to theirs.
 

If you can't think of just the right name for your home network, maybe these suggestions will give you some ideas.

Rules for Network Names

SSID’s or network names have a couple of rules that are important to keep in mind when naming your network. Below are the 2 main rules for naming your home network:

• The name is case sensitive. That means, if you name your home network Homebase, then make sure you always type it the same way.
• SSID’s can be only 1-32 characters long. (This includes spaces, numbers, and symbols.)
  

Do’s and Don’ts for Creating a Unique Network Name

While the list below provides some great inspiration, there are a few things to avoid when creating a unique network SSID.

• Don't include any personal information such as names, address, birthdays, etc.
• Don't use any part of your router’s password as the name.
• Do make your SSID unique and memorable, so you don’t forget it.
• Do change if from the manufacturer’s name. Why possibly advertise to would-be hackers what your router is? It only gives them more insight into your network’s security.
  

Network Names Submissions

Some of our readers have shared their favorite router and network names in the past.
Perhaps one of these will inspire you to change yours.

• DinoFelis says, "One of the names I used in the past … RobertPlant."
• Trix says, "I went with cartoon … as in … cartoon network."
• Guinness66 says, "Well, it IS the Gateway to happiness!"
• SimCard says, "Roto – a paean to those who pronounce the word router with an Aussie accent."
• Hylton says, "It is the gate to all knowledge and heaven for some so why not Pearlygates."
• Jarrod says, "Sol – simple and central!"
• Ohpunk says, "As I said ... mine is: BlackBriar (darn Bourne films.. lol)"
• Larry says, "I have three – skellig, epitome, fatboy."
• One of the greats says, "Access Denied."
• User says, "I’ve always been a fan of press1now."
• Brent T. says, "virusinstaller."
• Idk says, "I put mine as Not Available..lol."
• David says, "I went for Nimda – I dare you to connect!"
• 1Quake says,"Virus. How bout that!"
• Zx says, "The Iron Lotus."
• Othiambo says, "I went with Excalibur as in the sword for King Arthur."
• Genise says, "Gotcha."
• David says, "Two networks –evil trifecta and Get your virus here."
• Jennym says: I went with Hal, you know, from 2001: A Space Odyssey.
  
• Brian says, "I have five: alpha, bravo, charlie, delta, echo."
• Nothingtoseeheremovealongnow
• teh_interwebz
• Get_your_own
• youfoundme
• Awesome says, "SkyNet."
• Dedd says, "the password is."
• Nick says, "Rofl at some of these names … SkyNet and virusinstaller. How about seXBox?"
• Kate says, "Aorta."
• Tye says, "You are all boring: Abraham Linksys."
• Phil says, "I like the name Escher, after M. C. Escher and his great artworks."
• ProfessorX says, "Two that I like to use …Luke WiFi Walker and Starfleet Communications."
• Jeff says,"Series Of Tubes."
• Reno says, "Remote Hard Drive Formatting Utility.All are welcome to log in!"
• Guinness66 says, "Jarvis – The butler from the Avengers."
• Carl P. says, "Mine is named Boomerang."
• Jb says, "Not Found."
• Bill says, "How about Death Star."
• W32/Alphx.worm.a says, "I periodically choose a virus name from a virus Top Threats list. My router SSID is currently named W32.Mydoom.I@mm."
• Yoe says, "Carlos 'chuck' Norris."
• Matthewbe says, "I put it as Other."
• Sleasl says, "Virus.executable.funhouse."
  
• Try this says, "FBI_surveillance_van_2712. I change the number on a regular basis to keep my neighbors on edge."
• Ali says, "How about Access Denied?"
• bowman says, "BonusTurtleMeat. I watch too much 30 Rock."
• Schwabbl says, "worst name ever."
• Clay says, "Mine right now is captain front butt."
• Ali says,"Your neighbor."
• Kriter says, "I believe in (future) shock therapy. NSA.TST.4160-1."
• Crooked says, "Paper. Like paper router."
• Sirez says, "Nothing compares to my favorite GodLivesHere. I scanned that one going through the desert once and was like wtf mate? Dad turn around god lives in that mobile home!”
• Robbyp says, "My router's name was Oh Baby Click Me and wanna click on me."
• Cbanbury says, "ID-10T-3rr."
• Francesco says, "I Will Hack You."
• Mazzy says, "Press Alt-F4 to Connect."
• Don_Q says, "Not_Yours."
• Nathaniel G. says, "I have a D-Link router. I named it linksys."
• Nateg says, "My dogs name - Abby’s!"
• Gregory G. says, "My SSID is Rollbar."
• Dave says, "Mine is Hidden."
• A Guy says, "AirPort or Hackulous."
  
• Bro says, "Virus Detected!"
• Somebody says, "Everybodydie … because who wouldn’t want to click on that?"
• Nelly says, "Wu Tang Lan."
• sureshot22 says, "Moe’s Tavern."
• Ric says, "My suggestions would be Beam_me_up_Scottie and Phallic_Caput.You figure that last one out!"
• Beth says, "Mine’s called nacho, as in nacho router."
• Andrew says, "Virus Detected by Network! And I hacked your cellphone."
• Jknights says, "Network not found."
• Rob says, "Stuxnet."
• R007 9aNda says, "Fly like a wifi."
• Jack says, "More Cowbell."
• Tom White says, "I live at number 30 and my ISP is Sky so I came up with the idea of SKYat30."
• Tom says, "your_mum."
• Jordan E. says, "And the winner is NachoWifi."
• 7Winter says "Mine is the wireless g spot since it’s a G-router."
• Jason says, "HeyUGetOffMyLAN."
• Jason says, "router-IHardlyKnowHer."
• James says, "Mine is Archangel Network from Doctor Who."
• Kel says, "HionWifi."
• RouterKing says, "I once was a U.S. soldier, so I keep the people guessing with 5th Signal Command."
• Ichido says, "Mine is ” “That’s Hidden"
  
• Ron says, "My neighbor is an annoying Cowboys fan living in New York, so I use Cowboys SUCK. We don't talk much anymore."
• Lambdadad says, "hard drive reformat in progress."
• Johnny P. says, "I live in Louisiana in Terribonne Parish, home of the Terribonne Parish Sheriff Office. My wireless network name is TPSO Surveillance Van 2."
• Ange says, "the LAN before time … my absolute favorite."
• Kneverknow says, "Stiffler’sMom."
• Anon says, "56k-Modem. No visitors so far."
• Tom says, "BillWiTheScienceFi."
• Trey says, "Mine is Luke, I am your Fahjha."
• Ideaa13 says, "FBI Protected Access."
• Damien St.C. says, "Just changed mine to CIA_safehouse_3."
• Symptom says, "This is my favorite name ... FBI Van 1."
• 1Juan says, "I go with EpsteinsMothersDoctor."
• Dhaundre says, "Mine is THEN I TOOK AN ARROW IN THE KNEE."
• Prateek C. says, "My wi-fi name is c:\virus.exe."
• Sixsixsixseth says, "BabySealClub."
• Habib 960t says, "Mine is Habib’s Wifi."
• Xsparkaflame says, "2girls1router,"
• Nate says, "I am going with KGB Secure Database."
• Dan says, "I’ve seen this near my daughter’s apartment ( . )( . ) My favorite by far!"
• Serpent says, "I had a user connect to my network (before password protecting it) called Peter-MacBook, so I renamed the network Peter Stop Stealing My Internet."
• Riley says, "My favorite is Serveilance_Van_9."
• Alessandro Santos says, "Vogon Constructor Fleet – Ship #247."
• Russell C says, "An unknown neighbor has one called no connection. Since it is unsecured, I decided to connect. Unfortunately, it was not connected to the internet or to any computers."
• Jes says, "Mine is Teabag0."
• Ric says, "GetUrOwn for wifi stealer."
• Lisbeth says, "Asphyxia 1.3 after the hacking program used in the Girl With the Dragon Tattoo."
• Scooper82 says, "Amanda Hugginkis Eat my shorts."
• C A G says, "My router’s name is GENESIS."
• Vrjake81 says, "thank you for using WEP."
• Dice says, "Mine is simply .– .. ..-. .. which in morse code is Wifi."
• Mr. powell says, "Mine is Hide Yo Kids Hide Yo WiFi. My friend’s is Bronet."
• Drewdad says, "I read your E-mail."
• Cott says, "The Gibson."
• Dave says, "Dagobah System."
• Jz says, "How about IT HURTS WHEN IP."
• Mario says, "I live near a Chinese restaurant called Golden City. I named my wifi GOLDENCITY Deliver Cats for FREE."
• RC says, "I have mine set up as Shadynasty, pronounced “SHA-Dynasty" from an It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia TV Show. I’ve seen one called The Dharma Initiative."
• Aten says, "MiDixiWrecked."
• Mad Hatter says, "Nuclear Launch detected."
• Ed says, "Mine is Uranus."
• Teck22 says, "The best name for a wireless network is virus.exe."
• Ugabuk says, "The best I've seen are Mom Click Here For Internet and “” (networks with hidden SSID appear like this in network hacking tools).
• Marcozark says, "My current iteration is C:\gullible.virus.exe."
• Ohn says, "I rename mine from time to time. Some I’ve used are IWANTURCREDITCARD, GETURIDSTOLENHERE, ITSMYROUTER, ILIKTOREADURMAIL, IGOTURCREDITCARD and a host of others.
• Jake says, "Mine is onedoesnotsimplylogintoMordor."
• SM says, "Mine is xoxoGossipGirl. Might change it to Funhouse."
• TJ Breezy says, 'Mine is • NETGEAR13 •.'
• Me says, "Mine was NOT4U but it looks too neutral now."
• John says, "I put FBI station 3."
• RICHARD says, "Mine is now being changed to c:dharma,pearl.islandnet. Outdated LOST reference."
• Lawson says, "My network name is Skyfall."
• Raj says, "U can’t Steal kid but U can beg."
• Ksl64 says, "I have Iseeyou, iViruz, DeadLink."
• Ian C. says, "In the past, I’ve used PacketMan and Tesla. Currently using the even lower profile RFID."
• Nithin says, "BoysNextDoor."
• Ignatius R says, "Virus and Spam Headquarters."
• Chris says, "Number12arewankers. I don’t like my neighbors."
• Suman says, "As a biologist I prefer Genome."
• DcinFL says, "NoMoFreeNet4U."
• John K. says, "I went with FBI Surveillance Van 9. The 9 I put randomly."
• Ravi J says, "Get Off My Lawn."
• DisPeggy says, "Best I’ve seen so far is Amish-Wireless. Shouldn’t have many users."
• Clay S.says, "I use the name FBI Van."
• Ixnay says, "henryhill 2.4ghz, travisbickle 5ghz."
• Chuck says, "Mine is U S Nat Sec Surv Van F-250 Nr 7."
• Rockstar says, "Mine is 130013$. Guess that !"
• Clvrty says, "Currently mine is set to: JAR – Just Another Router."
• Mike K says, "I just changed mine to HomelessShelter."
• Kyle.a.torfin says, "u router u brought her."
• Chi Am says, "Currently, mine is 4uBeach."
• Thor says, "Snowden’s NSA Mirror."
• HyperNV says, "I have a patent on WIFILeaks."
• Godcmplx says, "My router is named Hydrogen."
• Silvash says, "spynet."
  

Here are a few more from anonymous contributors:

• IP then I POOP
• AP UP We all P
• Connect I dare U
• I sniff WIFI
• Killroy wasnt here
• Blackhole2
• Carabiner
• Turbo Encabulator
• Vomit Comit
• Swiss Cheese
• I didnt shoot no deputy

දමිලයන් හිතා මාතාම සිංහල ඉතිහාසය විකෘති කර ඇත

ජයරත්න පතිරආරච්චි  මැතිතුමා සෙල්ලිපි සහිතව ඉන්දියානු දමිළයන් ව්‍යාජ පොත්වල සටහන් කළ මිට්‍යාව සහ ප්‍රබන්දය පිට කොන්දෙන්ම බිදදමා ඇත.

අනුර නැමති ඉන්දියානු ගැත්තා සහ පුරාවිද්‍යාව සහ මුලාශ්‍ර විකෘති කරණ එල්ලාවල නැමැති ඉන්දියානු මුදල් වලින් යැපෙන ශ්‍රමණයා කල විනාසය නවතා, හරි ඉතිහාසය ලියන්න කාලය එලඔ ඇත. 

නොර්වේ රටේ සහ කැනඩා රටේ NGO කාරයන්, අවුරුදු 20 කට වැඩි කාලයක් මේ ව්‍යාපෘතිතියෙ ක්‍රියා කරමින් සිටිනවා.

ඔහුන්ට විරෝධී ප්‍රතිරොධය තීව්ර කළ යුතුයි.

In summary, the Indian with the help of Tamil diaspora in England, Norway and Canada have been working on this project.

This Indian stooge Anura has secretly  signed documents without proper approval from the Parliament.

Haruni is using diversion tactics and the campaign for  change of constitution is such an attempt.

A referendum is necessary and NPP/JVP cannot muster even 30%. 

They are the most unpopular regime in our history.

Even, the Mother Nature could not tolerate. 

The recent catastrophe is the end result. 

The current regime is a real CURSE to this small country called CEYLON where Buddha was born with historical records to prove it.

British with the collaboration of Indians planted this untruth.

It has to be corrected.

Problem is Indiand have paid some monks to tore the line with them.

Ellawala Medanada is only one of them.

බුදු දහම නැවත බැබලවීමට නම්

මේ සටහනේ අරමුණ, උන වියසනය, හරි අරමුණකට ගෙනියන ලක්ෂයක් කර ගැනීමයි. ආපසු බැලීම හෝ පසු විවරණයකට යනවා වෙනුවට ක්‍රියා කිරීම අවශ්‍යය.

පළමුව, මේ නිරාගමිකයන් ගෙදර යැවිය යුතුයි. නොහොත් ඉතිහාසයේ කුණු බක්කියට වහාම දැමීය යුතුයි.

එය පමා නොකළ යුතුයි.

බොරු කීමේ පාපයට වෙන උත්තරයක්  නැත. රටක් තබා පෙට්ටි කඩයක්වත් පාලනය කල නොහැකි නරුම රැලකට රට බාර දුන් මෝඩ ජනතාවට, දැන් උඩ බලාගෙන සිටිය නොහැකිය.

නිකම්ම ලැබුන සහනාධාර ටිකවත් කළමනාකරණය කල නොහැකි මේ නරුමයන් ඒලවා දැමීම ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී වගකීමකි.

යසට තිබුන, පරිපාලන සේවය යාවත් කාලීන කල යුතුයි.

දේශපාලනය මෙතනින් නවතමි.

මෙයට වසර දසකයකට පෙර,  මවිසින්      ඉන්ගිරිසියෙන් කල අමෙරිකාවේ පලවු පොතක, සිංහල බෞද්ධයන් දීර්ග ලෙස වර්ග කරන ලදි.

20 ඉලක්කමට පසු තිත් පෙළකින් නැවතුවේ, මේ වගේ නරුමයන් බිහි වෙයි කියා සිහිනයසකින්වත් නොදැනය.

මොවුන්ට සුදුසු (වැඩ බැරි ටාසන් උචිතය) නම් තැබිම ජනතාවට බාර කරමි.

කුකුලන්ට සහ බිත්තරවලට පින්සිදුවන්න මගෙ වර්ග කිරීම විද්‍යාත්මකව කෙලෙමි.

එසේ කලේ මගෙ උපහාස්මක රචනා සහ නිර්මාණ වලට අත් උදව්ව්වක් ලෙසය.

මෙය පළමු සිංහල වෙලුමය.

පළමුව කුකුලන් මැරීම බෞද්ධයන් වශයෙන් අප අත්හල යුතුයි.

අනුරගේ ශාපයෙන් ගැලවීමේ එක මාර්ගයක්‌ එයයි.

කුකුළන්ට සහ කිකිළියන්ට නිදහසේ ජාතියන්තර ප්‍රමාතියට ජිවත් වෙන්න  සැලසිය යුතුයි. 

ඒ නිසා ඇතිවන්න ඉඩ ඇති බිත්තර අතිරික්තය සින්ගප්පුරුවට යවා විදෙශ විනිමය උපයා ගැනිම සුදුසුය.

මේ ක්‍රමයෙන් ලංකාවේ "කුකුල් බෞද්ධයන්" සහ "බිත්තර බෞද්ධයන්" අඩු වනු ඇත.

බණ්ඩාරනායක යුගයෙන් බිහිවූ බෞද්ධ බිත්තර නොහොත්, සංසර්ග නොවූ බිත්තර, නිසා වන පාපයෙන් මිදීම අපගේ අරමුණ විය යතුය.

A

මම මේ සංවාදයට පොඩිත්තෙක් ලෙස සවන් දුන්නෙමි. සංසර්ගය යන්න මට තේරුනේ නැති උනත්, එය සංසාරේ කොටසක් ලෙස අවබෝද කර ගතිමි. 

කුකුලන්ට පින්සිද්ද වෙන්න පොඩිකාලේ සිටම ධර්මය අවබෝද කෙලෙම්.

සමාධි සුව විදින අර, මීවනපලානේ බික්ෂු ගොයියට කියලා බිත්තර සංසර්ග වෙලාද නැද්ද කියලා සමාධියෙන් බලා, අපේ මෙහෙණියන්ට සහ බෞද්ධ මාතාවන්ට (වැලදීමට පෙර), වැලදිය හැ ක

පිටරට ගිහිල්ල බණ කියන බොක්කන් කලෙප්පේ වැනි "හාමුදුරු හොරු" ටික අල්ලා බැද තැබීම උචිතය.

කරුණු විස්සෙන්  තුනක් කියා නවතිමි.

මේ "තුන" හොදට අවභෝද වූ පසු අනිත් ධර්ම කරනා මුදා හරින්නෙමි.

 

Glimpse of Mind in Abhidhamma

Saturday, June 24, 2017
Glimpse of Mind in Abhidhamma

Abhidhamma is colossal and any attempt at simplifying it is difficult, simply because of the fact that Abhidhamma in Buddhist terminology is an attempt to finely describe the working of the Mind.

It is a conceptual framework  of “phenomena of existence” of physical and mental formations; i.e; analysis of mental phenomena and their conditioning.
 
This analysis is the basis for expounding the very nature of existence of the being (Bhava) conditioned by Anitta (impermanence), Dukka (unsatisfactoriness based on impermanence) and hence Anatma (selflessness).
 
The expression of this at fine mental formation is Upppada (beginning), Thithi (rising to a peak) and Bhanga (dissolution) of one thought moment to another with similar beginning, crescendo and dissolution; i.e; in other words “a state of flux” of mental formation and dissolution.
 
This formation does not end at physical death but extends into the next round of existence in Bhava. The mental process is described as a stream (Bhavanga Sota) which invariably accompany the being.
 
One experiences only one thought moment at any particular time. No two thought moments coexist. Each thought moment hangs onto some kind of object. No consciousness arises without an object either physical or mental.
 
When a person is fast asleep and is in a dreamless state he experiences a kind of consciousness which is more passive than active (note no mention about subconsciousness in Abhidhamma akin to Freudian analysis). It is similar to consciousness at the time of conception and at the final moment of death.
 
This type of consciousness in Abhidhamma term is Bhavanga. Like any other consciousness it consists of  genesis (Uppada) steady state or static (Thiti) and cessation (Bhanga). Arising and perishing it flows on like a stream not remaining the same for two consecutive thought moments. According to Abhidhamma no two type of (conscious and subconscious) of consciousness exist.
Bhavanga is not a sub-plane but a continuous stream of existence.
 
In Abhidhamma the word that aptly describe the state of the mind is Javana (running). This Javana thought moment lasts seven thought moments or at times of death five thought moments. Javana state is arrested by Thadarammana when an object (physical or mental) of attention is registered by the thought process and consists of two thought moments.
The death occurs immediately after the Cuti consciousness. Though, with death, the physical body disintegrates and the flow of consciousness temporarily ceases yet the stream is not annihilated as the Kammic force that propels it remains.
 
Death is  only a prelude to rebirth.
 
As Patisandhi (relinking) is the initial thought moment of life so Cuti the final thought moment. They are the entrance and exist of a particular life. Cuti occurs between Javana and Patisandhi, Thadarammana and Patisandhi and Bhananga and Patisandhi.
 
So the Samsara is the conditional existence (sort of cause and effect process) of beings, all inclusive (not only human but Deva and Preta included) and the goal of Buddhist Practice is to strive for Unconditional Existence of the Mental Culture (not a zero sum game or state) of Bliss without attachment (Tanha).
 
Way to achieve this is by one’s own effort of Meditation (not just meditation) with clear understanding of the above premises of Anitta, Dukka and Anatma.
 
Mind’s response to sense organ’s perception of an impulse as part of an object (Kaya/Rupa) of attention sets in a chain reaction.
1. Impulse has to be above the threshold value.
 
2. That causes to arise sensation from the sense object.
 
3. Perception of that sensation as agreeable, disagreeable or neutral.
 
4.Volitional (Cetana) attachment (Tanha) to that Citta (i.e; awakening of the life stream (Bhavanga sota)  of continuity).
 
5. Momentary focus of attention to that state of Mind.
 
6. Brings to life the mental phenomenon associated with that state of mind (within the Mind or arise from sense organ).
 
7. Attention to the same until another (Citta) thought process begins.
 
Upppda, Thiti and Bhanga process recurs in an undulating form in each thought moment of the present. 
In terms of the life process, Patisandhi, Bhavanga and Cuti operate, in the ever recurring Samsara Cycle.
 
Javana is the most important of all where the free will operates and the action (good or bad) falls into either Kusala or Akusala Kamma. One owns or inherits the merits or demerits of his or her action or deed.
Thought process has 17 thought moments and Javana has 7 thought moments and Tadarammana has two thought moments and the rest of the eight thought moments are given separate names starting from Atita Bhavanga to Votthappana ending in Javana and Tadarammana.
 
This in essence embodies the basic tenets of Abhidhamma but does not include all the finer classifications.
Posted by Asoka at 11:19 PM No comments:
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"Middle Path" the viable route

 Monday, April 24, 2017
"Middle Path" the viable route

The Knowledge and Fame tend to ruin of the fools

Dhammapda Verse 72

To ruin indeed, the fool gains knowledge and fame; they destroy the bright lot and cleave his head (that is his wisdom).

How true is this statement to the Current and Old political leaders.

Below is the contextual nature of the beings in the universe (not only this World Order), aliens included who do visit us roughly in 5000 year cycles.

Buddhist do not fear any beings Worldly or Otherwise (Gods or Peta included).

No need to pay offer Puja to any Worldly being/s including current or future political leaders (included).

Namarupa

Abhidhamma meaning.

This compound should be understood as NAMA alone. 

RUPA alone and NAMARUPA together.

In the case of Arupa planes there arises only Mind, in the case of mindless planes (asanna), only matter and in the case of Kama Rupa planes both mind and matter.

The Nama are meant the three aggregates, of Vedana, Sanna and Sankha.

Beautiful Mind

Sunday, June 25, 2017
Beautiful Mind

Let me list, a few of our emotions and then see how we can avoid feeling bad or confused.

This is based on a power point presentation to undergraduates in their Preliminary Course in English. Seeing students of different faith I avoided the Buddhist Terminology but in fact expanded on the four Wrong Directions which young one’s, including individuals of different religious faiths, political ideology, racial orientation and above all some teachers (ill conceived) with hidden agenda.

1. Fear

2. Anger

3. Hate

4. Aggression

5. Resentment

6. Envy

7. Rejection

8. Guilt

9. Pride

10. Boredom

11. Loneliness

12. Jealousy (Green eyed Monster)

13 Paranoia

Why not

1. Hope

2. Happiness

3. Love and

4. Self Control

5. Tolerance

These were the same emotions which went through young minds of our generation 60 years ago.

Most of them ended up with “Reactive Depression” not “Endogenous Depression” but there was no counseling of any kind at disposal.

I think in this modern age of Digital Obsession, there is more expressed “Emotional Intolerance”.
In fact, digital media like Facebook, to some extent YouTube thrive on this malady.
I think politicians from China to Russia to Middle East (Israel and Palestine included) to importantly USA base their strategies on hate anger and resentment.
Emotions like relationships have various shades and connections.
We can shape our emotions, the way we want them to be (for good as well as bad intentions).

How can we progress?

In away according to Professor De Bono;

It is to have beautiful Mind or get rid of the wrong Directions and Intentions.

I did a survey on technical terms in psychology and found psychological terms easily outnumbered the technical terms in physics, mathematics and philosophy all put together.

The corollary of this is that Religious, Political and Racial Doctrines can thrive on these minor and major psychological maladies.

It is interesting that Buddha had crystallized the themes into four categories. 

During the talk on “Making Choice in Life”;

Ajahn Brahm taught the four considerations when face with making a decision.

Not for selfish reason

Not with ill-will

Not out of stupidity

With no Fear.

This is the Buddha’s teaching on four “Agati”, namely,

Chanda-gati, Dosa-gati, Moha-gati, Bhaya-gati, or the four kinds of corruption.

Chanda-gati, corruption induced by desire, is deviation from the right path in pursuit of bribes or for the sake of those one loves.

Dosa-gati is taking the wrong path to spite those against whom one bears ill will, and

Moha-gati is aberration due to ignorance.
 

Bhaya-gati
But perhaps the worst of the four is bhaya-gati, for not only does bhaya, fear, stifle and slowly destroy all sense of right and wrong, it so often lies at the root of the other three kinds of corruption.

Agati: the 4 'wrong Paths' are: the path of desire, the path of hate, the path of confusion, the path of fear bhaya. One who is freed from these evil impulses is no longer liable to take any wrong path.

Satara Agati -Four unprofitable directions

The term 'Agati' in Pali mean wrong course or going bad way.

There are four bad ways,

a) Chandā agati - the going a bad way through ill will

b) Dosā agati -the going a bad way through hate

c) Bhayā agati - the going a bad way through fear

d) Mohā agati - the going a bad way through ignorance or delusion

Bird's Park in Singapore

Bird's Park in Singapore
This was a comment I made in reply to a email from one of my friends abroad.
The story was accompanied (not related to the topic though) by photos of various birds.
I was more interested (there is a chapter on Ceylonese birds; my current book) on the birds (not the flightless birds) than the message.
I was looking for a house sparrow but sadly was not there in the pictures.
Last time I went to Singapore to investigate why house sparrows have vanished in Ceylon.
I went to the Singapore National Library spend over half a day reading the only book on House sparrows and photocopied few pages.
Recently I went to Singapore for a brief visit and the day before my return I went to the Bird's Park.
Sadly I was the only one in the bus onward and return.
I met a German Family (only other visitors) with kids and followed their footsteps since, it was easy for me to avoid food stalls.
They were very sharp, I wish I could have spoken German.
I paid a big some and applied for a lifetime membership BUT they did not issue a membership card (clever ploy).
I have to go there within a year to collect the membership with all the benefits and the news letters.
Singaporeans love birds whereas we import catapults from China to kill them.
I had the pleasure of feeding over 20 pigeons on a rainy day (reminded me feeding pigeons at Trafalgar Square in London High Street ) in a crowded eating house.
Pigeons, Mynas and House Sparrows were plenty in Singapore.

Kam Leng Hotel in Singapore

Friday, July 21, 2017
Kam Leng Hotel in Singapore

This is where I stayed on a brief visit to Singapore.

It is located in a place where there are lot of eating houses and Wine Stores.
Latter was my main interest.
Close to Sarangoon street, Mustafa Center, Komala Villa and the newly built Green City Mall.
City Mall had a bread stall with many delicacies.
This blog piece is to thank the Kam Leng Hotel staff including the chambermaids.
It was an old building refurbished with modern amenities.
From outside it looks pretty old looking but inside was neat, clean and tidy.
It reminded me of the Hospital Accommodation at Macclesfield Hospital in Manchester. 
The staff was friendly and the service including meals (besides the Wine Store), cleaning and laundry were excellent.
The price of course is within reach of an average visitor.
I used to stay in expensive hotels in Singapore a decade ago (what a fool I was) on my way to New Zealand.
I used to take break in Singapore, since the flight to Christchurch was an agony (except the flight from Christchurch to Greymouth, through Hokitika.
 

The last part was in twin engine 20 seater which I enjoyed the most (ten minutes distance but over 30 minutes on take off and landing).

This is beside the two seater Air Ambulance with a sick patient on board.
 
It is bit away from Changi Airport but MRT (bus stop right in front and the Ferrer Park tube nearby) station a walking distance away.

I will be visiting this hotel soon. 

 

Linux Distributions and Peppermint

 Thursday, June 1, 2017
Linux Distributions and Peppermint

Boot Splash Gone Awry

Below are two discussions currently running in 
Linux Questions

I am a Distribution Hopper for over 20 years with gray hair covering my vertex and decided to settle on few of my favorite distributions on merits.

Number one reason is easy to handle and configure.
Not too, heavy on RAM.
Have all the software packages.
Runs on both old (32 bit) and new (64 bit) hardware.

I prefer the PAE (just what PCLINUX did under Linux STAR until his retirement).

Why have two CDs?

DVDs for one ?

Laptop is not my favorite.

Reliable, stable workhorse and run at least one year without updates.

Only Debian “Fits the Bill” with distributions for all the platforms including Apple Platform.
Only caveat is one has to understand How Linux Works especially Debian and partitioning, partition table and bootable partitions including MBR.
 
Peppermint (currently version 8) is my Web Console, light weight (it is getting fatter by the minute) and can download almost all the software from Debian Store House (over 66,000).

AntiX (Mepis)

Just Downloaded Version 16) my Utility Kit but Knoppix and Puppy Linux are my favorite trouble shooters.

Elementary Linux is pretty good if one is interested in audio and video play.
 
Emmabuntus now in 64 bit version is another good Linux distribution for kids as well as adults.

I am currently downloading MultiSystem (French Distribution) boot DVD (it used to be a CD few years ago), which is very useful in having several (I am not sure of windows) Linux Distributions in a USB Disk, Flash Drive or on a MicroSD chip. 

This is very useful to test a distribution without installing in your Hard Disk.

One can install MultiSystem as a software,too.

Go to Pendrive Linux Site, download the sh file and extract the utility and follow the instructions.
One need root permission to install in your Linux Distribution. 
I installed it on (PCLinux) my system breezily in about 3 minutes.
It has to be a Ubuntu based distribution and Debian does not support it.

For Debian it has its own USB creation package or Use UnetBootIn.

Not for text and writing books and Lyx (for program editors) is too advanced for a beginner.

I have found a very easy solutions.

One is to use MultiSytem software or DVD to have Multiple Linux distributions on a USB Hard drive or Flash Drive.

Other option is to install as many distributions (including Windows - Beware UEFI booting option but one can send Windows into hibernation by clever ploys) in your hard drive/s.

Have multiple operating systems (Windows for occasional Local TV watching (mostly cricket)) in Two Mega SATA (not SSD, the have low volume) disks with 4GB RAM extensible for 8 for Gaming.

I currently have seven (7) distributions (apart from Windows) in two hard drives and Windows forcibly sent underground (one has to be very very crafty to do this without destroying one’s hardware).
Unfortunately Windows (Developers) guys coming from India and USA has serious “Paranoid Disease not treatable”; that is they cannot cohabit with Linux!

Linux Questions reproduction not edited including TYPOS!
TL;DR: I would love to know which distro made you stop distro hopping and you are happy with! May be no matter what happens i will stick with one of your preference! ;)
So, I am a serial distro hopper. Been using linux for a long time (Really Long Time) and have been distro hopping ever since. Primarily i started with ubuntu as everyone else does, then Linux mint, then Arch, then Manjaro, then Elementary, then OpenSUSE and OpenSUSE TW, and a lot i cannot even remember the names. But i am getting pretty tired.
I mean, i like UBUNTU but i don't like their 6 months release schedule (I do want fairly updated apps). I like Linux mint, but not their arrogance on holding updates back and making custom firefox and keeping same old softwares for another 2/3 years(ow, sorry, that's a core Ubuntu LTS issue, no complain here, just making some points).
I like arch, but come on, the installation is pain on the ass(Antergos? No thanks! Pretty much same thing, fails now and then) and you know, the breakage now and then is hell of an annoyance. Manjaro? A lot of controversy surrounding. I am not a fan of XFCE i guess. And community editions are not really my cup of tea. Just install Manjaro cinnamon and install couple of QT apps and see how ugly they look (Manjaro GNOME is okay though). I know, they will fix it someday.
I like fedora, but their "Restriction" is too much for a daily drive and their repo contains a lot less software. NOW, one thing i do like is openSUSE TW. And their approach, BUT the gnome updates always break extensions (and themes) without which it's quiet unusable for me and recently they dropped support for synaptic touchpads and replaced it with libinput ( The mouse movement is horrible, no way to customize mouse acceleration from GUI). I really really do like GNOME with extensions. Ow, i love it. KDE Plasma? You won't believe what i did do to like this DE and what not! I like simplicity, KDE is a mess in that sense. If you like KDE its fine, i am not judging, just a personal preference. :) So you get the problem i am facing, right? I know they all are linux, they are same at underlying structure and you can always customize it to your liking.
But, If you were a distrohopper and recently stopped, i would love to know which one made you stop distrohopping. :)
[–]krav_mark 70 points
Debian Stable. Because it is stable and secure and it just works and keeps working.
For me it is the trustworthy general purpose distribution. Am using it on everything from servers to laptops to rapberri pi's. They all are the same base just run different software.
Never really understood distrohoppers who install another distro most of the time only because they want to try some DE. You can install most DE's right on your current distro like from debians or ubuntu's repo's. Why change distro's for a different DE ? Just install the DE on the system you already use and so are familiar with.
Debian doesn't have the very latest versions maybe but it does have the most stable ones. And I need to get work done so want something versatile and reliable. Debian stable has everything I need.

Peppermint-07

Boot Splash Gone Awry

I have been trying to get my Boot Loader (of Peppermint-07) to mount more than seven operating systems in one go but Boot Splash of Peppermint could not.

Additionally its boot splash was magnified so large the icons were outside and not visible on the Desktop.

There was no way to minimize the output (Boot Splash) and on right click would show on a folder icon.

What I usually do is to reinstall the distribution, in this case Peppermint but it failed on three attempts.

Mind you the console was an old TV not a normal computer video output.

I was patient and tried installing Debian but it failed to rectify.

Then I tried Linux Light and it got it working once on first boot up but on restart went back to the Peppermint boot loader in MBR.

Then I tried 4M Linux but it could not read all the partitions in two SATA disks.

Then I tried Puppy Linux but it refused to update the boot loader.

Usually Puppy Linux does a good job.

Only one I did not try was Ubuntu (I did not have a latest distribution).

I am going to download its 64 bit version.

Then finally I tried Elementary OS and it figured out my problem and made a cute boot splash with all the distributions including Puppy (it identified it as an unknown distribution).

I made a big mistake of using CD/DVDs without Internet connection.

Usually these distributions would update the (in this case Peppermint’s faulty boot loader) packages at the end of the installation and remove old and redundant packages.

I was lazy and our Internet download speed was very slow.

Linux Standadized but NO Official OS

Sunday, April 2, 2017

5 "S" for Linux
 
For the future of Linux Community of Developers we should have a strategy in ISO style.

1. Sort.

2. Set

3, Shine or Refine

4. Standardize.5. Sustain

I looked at the the successful companies and found no Linux derivative there.

This is the failure of Linux. We do not have a Business Model to boast about.

We have a Logo and a Mascot where are they standing at present?

If you look at the list in the first 20 we have IBM, Google, Microsoft and Intel and Yahoo at 66 but no Linux.

Like Coca Cola we should be in the Number One.

The simple reason is we do not know how to market our products.

Do not merge with the big companies.

Look at Yahoo having merged it is in the 66th place whereas Microsoft is in the top 5.

Why?

1. Embrace

2. Expand

3. Extinguish or Explode

We call EXPLODE it in this country since we a firecracker happy nation (to show politicians are in the vicinity) to Explode at any moment.

We knew for over 30 years how to avoid and escape from bombs now we have to escape from (all powerful but impotent in deeds) politicians.

Unfortunately we do not know how to escape from the stranglehold they are imposing on us.

So merging with big companies or the politicians (Obama and his expensive social program) is not the way forward.

The way forward is to scrutinize the activities and put them the Acid Test of "5S".

First of all we have to SORT all the Models.

I will do it in my way but my analysis also a Primitive Model to work with.

1. SORT

Sort all the essentials (LIVE CDs, Servers, Desktops, Netbooks most importantly O.E.M.s).
Sort the Origin-Debian series, Knoppix and Live CDs series , Puppy series. Ubuntu series, Redhat. Centos Series... Mandriva series, Slackware series, Gentoo series etc.

I am almost finishing with the Live CDs with subcategories named after our ancestral mammals the Apes (Light Weight, Middle Weight, Heavy Weight type of apes and monkeys) with x-Windows to go with it.

2. SET

Set a business Model with a strong Logo for Live CDs, Desktops and Server and O.E.M.s (that will be the future netbooks).

Target is to get within the first 10 if not it is not marketable.

3. SHINE rather REFINE the most essential basics for each category worth marketing.

4. Standardize

(Linux is standard based operating system and this should not be a problem).

5. Sustainability

This is the difficult part without a strong Business Model.

This is only possible if all the Linux derivatives in each category pass a gold mark or the gold standard (for Live CD I have chosen PCLinux as the Gold Standard of usability) and move up the ladder in the 100 in each category.

That is my wishful thinking.

When I did my survey (now the time for a research) I found lot of good stuff has gone into dormancy because of lack of support like a business model would have.

To name a few are MYAH, Linux Console. ADIOS. O.L.P.S and many more.

It is a shame that the good work of dedicated developers are now in the attic instead of in the classroom or in the living room.

I have shown the way.

We must revive and take Linux out of the doldrums and develop some marketable products.

I will be willing to work with even the devil if my suggestions are taken to heart by Developers but not business crooks.

Please make some critical comments.

 

5 "S" for Linux

 5 "S" for Linux
For the future of Linux Community of Developers we should have a strategy in ISO style.

1. Sort.

2. Set

3, Shine or Refine

4. Standardize.

 

5. Sustain

I looked at the the successful companies and found no Linux derivative there.

This is the failure of Linux. We do not have a Business Model to boast about.

We have a Logo and a Mascot where are they standing at present?

If you look at the list in the first 20 we have IBM, Google, Microsoft and Intel and Yahoo at 66 but no Linux.

Like Coca Cola we should be in the Number One.

The simple reason is we do not know how to market our products.

Do not merge with the big companies.

Look at Yahoo having merged it is in the 66th place whereas Microsoft is in the top 5.

Why?

1. Embrace

2. Expand

3. Extinguish or Explode

We call EXPLODE it in this country since we a firecracker happy nation (to show politicians are in the vicinity) to Explode at any moment.

We knew for over 30 years how to avoid and escape from bombs now we have to escape from (all powerful but impotent in deeds) politicians.

Unfortunately we do not know how to escape from the stranglehold they are imposing on us.

So merging with big companies or the politicians (Obama and his expensive social program) is not the way forward.

The way forward is to scrutinize the activities and put them the Acid Test of "5S".

First of all we have to SORT all the Models.

I will do it in my way but my analysis also a Primitive Model to work with.

1. SORT

Sort all the essentials (LIVE CDs, Servers, Desktops, Netbooks most importantly O.E.M.s).
Sort the Origin-Debian series, Knoppix and Live CDs series , Puppy series. Ubuntu series, Redhat. Centos Series... Mandriva series, Slackware series, Gentoo series etc.

I am almost finishing with the Live CDs with subcategories named after our ancestral mammals the Apes (Light Weight, Middle Weight, Heavy Weight type of apes and monkeys) with x-Windows to go with it.

2. SET

Set a business Model with a strong Logo for Live CDs, Desktops and Server and O.E.M.s (that will be the future netbooks).

Target is to get within the first 10 if not it is not marketable.

3. Shine 

rather REFINE the most essential basics for each category worth marketing.

4. Standardize

(Linux is standard based operating system and this should not be a problem).

5. Sustainability

This is the difficult part without a strong Business Model.

This is only possible if all the Linux derivatives in each category pass a gold mark or the gold standard (for Live CD I have chosen PCLinux as the Gold Standard of usability) and move up the ladder in the 100 in each category.

That is my wishful thinking.

When I did my survey (now the time for a research) I found lot of good stuff has gone into dormancy because of lack of support like a business model would have.

To name a few are 

MYAH,

Linux Console. 

ADIOS. 

O.L.P.S and many more.

It is a shame that the good work of dedicated developers are now in the attic instead of in the classroom or in the living room.

I have shown the way.

We must revive and take Linux out of the doldrums and develop some marketable products.

I will be willing to work with even the devil if my suggestions are taken to heart by Developers but not business crooks.

Please make some critical comments.

 

Linux Desktops and Linux File Managers

This is something I have to revisit. When I realized each Desktop has its own File Manager, I decided to stick with Gnome and Nautilus.

For some unknown reason I hated Thunar. To begin with its icon was ugly.

I cannot click it daily.

Folder is a Drawer in a File Cabinet.

GNOME icon exactly represent that fact.

Try to be sensible when representing an icon which even a kid can relate.

Xfce

Thunar file manager

I moved away from Xfce but I started with Xfce on Emmabantus.

Emmabantus was the only distribution that supported AbiWord my favourite.

Debian and Redhat did not.

Even Russian ROSA Linux does not suoport AbiWord.

1. Gnome

Nautilus

2. KDE

Komander

Dolphin is the Best File Manager

3. Cinnamon 

Nemo

Mint is a loaded uo Cinnamon Dektip

I gave two desktops below since they could not mount Synaptic Package Manager. 

What's the point if I cannot download a free software I need?

4. LXDE

PCManFM

5. LXQ

PCManFM-qt

6. AntiX

ROX

Zzzx

Window Managers

Window Mangers do not have Package Managers.

AntiX uses Window Managers and they cannot configure WiFi

1. Joe's WM

JWM

2. Openbox

3. IceWM

I really like this.

4. Awesome

5. Blackbox

6. Fluxbix

7. i3

8.? Bsp

9.?

 

Why I Oppose Official Linux Distribution

A guy from ZDnet is proposing an Official Linux Distribution.

I consider by convey Debian Gnome is the de facto official Linux Distribution.

It is solid, stable and secure and by convention no propritarry stuff.

But it has over 60,000 apllications.

Its Kernel changes every, 2 years.

It has a Testing Brach which I use and a Unstable Branch which test new softwsre when trouble free they are released to the Testing.

Debian has robust system and the desktop is only the front end.

Then of course anybody can build his or her version but any new stuff should be given back.

Copy Left.

No Cooy Right.

These events ZDNet guys want a robust Distribution to add their Cipy Right stuff and sell.

That is like a Bad Christmas Joke.

Linux does not need advice from ZDNet.

Long time ago I followed ZDNet.

I used  to subscribed to the Linux Magazine.

Being from CEYLON after retirement my Rupee retirement salary was tiny to work on dollars and pounds purchases.

So I quit Linux academic stuff but kept on Testing almost 90% of the Linux Distributions from 32 bit time.

I have my privacy Web Page Free long befire even Google came inti existences.

Google is my Work Horse, thank You GOOGLE for the free Blog Post.

I am not a YouTube guy but a text and books guy including Linux Bible.

I am currently finishing a book on Linux Essentials and it has gone beyond 500 pages.

Not for Royalties but as a Permanent Record. Any Royalties would go to my children by default.