1. One does not need to install Linux.
One can test it on a Live Session.
Several USB sticks minimum 4GB but ideally 8GB.
Standard Linux image fits in 4GB.
BlueStar about 5GB and it has all the applications.
Ubuntu 7GB for its bloated vandalized Gnome with no Applications. I do not recommend UBUNTU.
Go for Linux Mint which was a Ubuntu derivative and now has fallen back to Debian.
2. One does not need INTERNET Connection when testing.
3. However, in my case that is the first thing I text. One can cold boot and connect to the Internet on the first boot.
Good old days, especially in Ceylon, most Linux distributions except UBUNTU failed to configure WiFi. No problem with Ethernet. Linux thrived on Ethernet.
4. Hardware
Linux now work on any hardware.
5. What you have.
Hardware Specifications.
50GB is more than enough.
6. Minimum Installation.
10GB
XFCE of Debian is less than 5GB.
Rest is for addition applications.
With another 2GB one can add all the applications one needs. 3GB left for /home parition and work.
I have 10GB partition to test this minimum requirement.
Ideally SWAP partition on top.
Twice the size of RAM.
8GB if RAM is 4.
I never give above 16GB.
7. Modest Operations
120GB
EFI 1.2GB FAT 32 partition
/ 20GB for root
/boot 500 to 700MB
/home 70GB
/var 7GB
/tem 3GB
8. 100GB for NTFS partition for storage.
7. 4GB RAM and 8GB ideal.
More if you are gamer.
I do not talk about gaming.
Linux is for serious work.
With maximum capacity of my work I only used 2GB of RAM out of 8GB.