අඹ
අබ ඇට
The botanical name for mustard seed depends on the type, with the most common being Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea), Black Mustard (Brassica nigra), and White/Yellow Mustard (Sinapis alba orBrassica alba).
3. Cinnamon
කුරුදු
The botanical name for "true" cinnamon is Cinnamomum verum, which belongs to the family Lauraceae. It is widely known as Ceylon cinnamon or Sri Lankan cinnamon, distinguished from common commercial "Cassia" cinnamon (Cinnamomum aromaticum).
4. Coriander
කොට්ත්තමල්ලි
The botanical name of coriander is Coriandrum sativum.
5. Black Pepper
ගම් මිරිස්
The botanical name of black pepper is Piper nigrum.
6. Mint
මිංචි
The botanical name for the mint genus is Mentha, belonging to the family Lamiaceae. While Mentha covers over 25 species, the most common types are spearmint (Mentha spicata) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita), widely used for culinary and aromatic purposes.
7. Lettuce
කොළ ගෝවා
The botanical name of lettuce is Lactuca sativa. It belongs to the Asteraceae (daisy) family and is widely cultivated for its edible leaves. Lactuca sativa is an annual plant, commonly grown as a salad green, with many varieties including crisphead, romaine, and leaf lettuce.
8. Lemon Grass
සේර
The most common botanical name for lemon grass is Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as West Indian lemon grass, which is widely used in culinary and medicinal applications. It belongs to the Poaceae family. Another variety, East Indian lemon grass, is scientifically known as Cymbopogon flexuosus.
9. Kale
එළ ගෝවා
The botanical name of kale is *Brassica oleracea var. acephala. It belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is a member of the Acephala Group (meaning "headless"), as it does not form the compact central head typical of other cabbage varieties. Common types include curly kale, Tuscan/lacinato kale, and ornamental kale
10. Kiwi Fruit
කිවි ෆ්රුට්
12. Chia Seeds
චියා බීජ
The botanical name isSalvia hispanica. It belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae.Salvia hispanica is native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala
13. Asparagus
ඇස්පරගස්
The botanical name isAsparagus officinalis. It belongs to the family Asparagaceae. The common common names are garden asparagus, edibleasparagus, green/white asparagus. The genus includes roughly 370 species, including ornamentals likeAsparagus setaceus (florist's fern)
14. Celery
සැල්දිරි
The botanical name isApium graveolens, which belongs to the Apiaceae (parsley) family. It is a herbaceous plant widely cultivated for its crisp edible stalks (petioles). The most common cultivated celery is Apium graveolens var. dulce. Other types include celeriac (A. graveolens var. rapaceum) and leaf celery (A. graveolens var. secalinum).
15. Nokhol
නෝකෝල්
The botanical name ofනෝකෝල් Knol Khol) is Brassica oleracea(Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). It is a member of the Brassicaceae family (cabbage family), often referred to in English as Kohlrabi or German turnip.
16. Radish
රාබු
The botanical name is Raphanus sativus. It belongs to the Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae) family, which is also known as the mustard or cabbage family. Raphanus (derived from Greek for "easily reared").Sativus (meaning "cultivated"). Different cultivars includeR. sativus var. sativus (red radish),R. sativus var. longipinnatus (Daikon) andR. sativus var. niger(black radish).
17. Beetroot
බීට් රූට්
The botanical name isBeta vulgaris. It belongs to the Amaranthaceae family (formerly classified under Chenopodiaceae). The cultivated beetroot belongs to the subspeciesBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris.
18. Monara Kudumbiya
මොනර කුඩුම්බිය
The botanical name of මොනර කුඩුම්බිය (Monara Kudumbiya) is Cyanthillium cinereum. It was previously known as Vernonia cinerea. Asteraceae (Sunflower family) family and the English name is little ironweed. It is a species of perennial plants known for its use in traditional medicine and is widely found in tropical Asia, including Ceylon.
19. Hatawariya
හතවාරිය
The primary botanical name for Hathawariya, a medicinal herb widely used in Ceylon and known as Shatavari in Ayurveda, is Asparagus racemosus. It is a climbing plant belonging to the Asparagaceae family. Asparagus falcatus is also referred to as a variety of Hathawariya in local context. Belongs to the family Asparagaceae. A perennial climbing plant reaching 1-3 meters, featuring pine-needle-like foliage and white, fragrant flowers. Traditionally used in Ayurveda to support reproductive health, as a galactogogue (to increase breast milk production) and for treating nervous disorders.
20. Kuppamenia
කුප්පමනිය
The botanical name of is Acalypha indica. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is commonly referred to as Indian Acalypha, Indian Nettle, or Indian Copperleaf. It is an erect, herbaceous annual weed that grows in wastelands and along roadsides throughout the tropics. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine for treating skin problems, wounds, intestinal worms and respiratory issues like asthma. Similar to catnip, the roots of Acalypha indica are known to attract domestic cats, which is why it is called Poochamayakki (cat-attractor) in Malayalam.
21.Cowpea
කව්පි
Black Eyed Pea
The botanical name is Vigna unguiculata.
It belongs to the Fabaceae (legume) family, is commonly grown in warm regions, and was formerly known as Vigna sinensis.
The Synonyms include,Vigna sinensis andDolichos unguiculatus.
The Common Names are Cowpea, Black-eyed pea and Southern pea.
Vigna unguiculata is a multipurpose, drought-tolerant annual legume used for food, fodder, and green manure.
22. Chickpeas
කඩල
The botanical nam is Cicer arietinum.
It is an annual plant belonging to the Fabaceae (legume) family, commonly referred to as garbanzo beans, Bengal gram, or simply gram. The species is widely cultivated in warm temperate and tropical areas for its nutritious edible seeds.
23.Peanuts
රට කජු
The botanical name is Arachis hypogaea.
It belongs to the legume family, Fabaceae (or Leguminosae). The name hypogaea comes from Greek, meaning "under the earth," referring to the plant's unique habit of burying its pods to develop underground. Despite being called a nut, the peanut is technically a legume, closely related to beans, lentils, and chickpeas. Common names include groundnut, goober or monkey nut. It is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Arachis hypogaea is a highly nutritious legume cultivated for its edible seeds, high protein, and oil content.Peanuts are rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, protein, and fiber.
24 .Corn
බඩ ඉගුරු
The botanical name is Zea mays.
It is a member of the grass family, Poaceae, and is often referred to as maize to distinguish it from other cereal grains. Originally domesticated in Mexico, it is a key cultivated crop worldwide. Common Names include Corn and Maize. It is a warm season annual grass that can grow between 3 to 15 feet high.
25. Undu Black Gram
උඳු
The botanical name for Undu is Vigna mungo.
It belongs to the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).
Synonyms include Phaseolus mungo and Phaseolus roxburghii. A fast-growing, erect, or trailing herb with yellow flowers and hairy pods containing black seeds. It is native to the Indian subcontinent,
26. Beans
බෝංචි
The botanical name of is Phaseolus vulgaris, which belongs to the family Fabaceae. While many types exist,P. vulgaris is the primary scientific class.. The common varieties include kidney, pinto, navy, French bean and green beans. Other types of beans are Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus lunatus. Beans are legumes with a botanical classification as the seed of a plant in the Fabaceae family.
27.Green Gram- Mung
මුං ඇට
The botanical name is Vigna radiata.
It belongs to the Fabaceae family and is a widely cultivated legume, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible seeds, which are often used in savoury and sweet dishes, as well as sprouts. The common names include green gram, mung bean, and moong. They are highly nutritious, providing protein, fiber and iron. It should not be confused with black gram (Vigna mungo), which is a different species. Mung or green gram is a legume botanically known as Vigna radiata, valued for its high nutritional content, including protein, fiber, and antioxidants.
28 .Lentils
පරිප්පු
The botanical name is Lens culinaris.
It belongs to the Fabaceae (legume) family. It is sometimes referred to by its synonym, Lens esculenta. The plant is a self pollinating annual, known for its lens-shaped seeds. The synonyms are Lens esculenta and Ervum lens. Lentils were first domesticated in the Middle East around 5,500 BC. Lentils botanical known asLens culinarisare a nutritious legume belonging to the plant family Fabaceae and are a good source of plant based protein, fiber and complex carbohydrates.
29. Semolina
සෙමොලිනා
The botanical name is Triticum turgidum.
Semolina is technically the coarsely ground endosperm of the durum wheat plant, a hard, tetraploid wheat species primarily grown in the Mediterranean region. The family is Poaceae (grass family). It is a yellow coloured wheat known for its high protein and gluten content, often referred to as "pasta wheat". It is distinct from common wheat (Triticum aestivum) which is used for bread flour. Semolina is a coarse flour made from durum wheat, known for its yellowish colour and nutty flavour.
30. Soyabeans
සොයා බීන්ස්
The botanical name is Glycine max.
It is a species of legume belonging to the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), which is commonly known as the bean or pea family. Native to East Asia, with a long history of cultivation, especially in China. It is an annual plant widely cultivated for its edible bean, which is used for oil and protein. While sometimes mistaken for a pulse, the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) typically classifies the soybean as an oil seed. Cowpeas are smaller, have a more earthy, nutty flavour, and are often called black eyed peas, while soybeans are larger with a milder, more neutral taste, and are frequently processed into products like tofu and tempeh.
31.Wheat
තිරිගු
The botanical name is Triticum aestivum.
It belongs to the Poaceae grass family and is one of the most widely cultivated cereal grains worldwide. While Triticum aestivum is the most common, other species exist, such as Triticum durum (durum wheat). Wheat is a grass with botanical features including a grain containing bran, germ, and endosperm and is botanically known as Triticum aestivum.
