I am not a guy who worries about security.
Linux is secure, if one uses user account in addition to root account and has a good password.
Ubuntu always use only one partition and has no user account. That is why I shun Ubuntu as a daily driver.
While Kali Linux is paranoid and I have never used it or tested it all my life.
I begin to hateT ails Linux simply because I cannot use it as a live USB which it did support when I was using it in the past. I always had a USB with Tails installed in it.
Whonix Linux is supposed to be good, if one is security concerned.
I have tested it in the past but not lately.
I begin to like Parrot OS when it was based on light weight MATE. It had Home Edition in addition to Security Edition.
For the sake of completeness, I have made a short theoretical account here. I must state that I have have not tested them within this side of a decade.
Parrot OS
Parrot OS is now Debian based. It is a security oriented distribution featuring a collection of utilities designed for penetration testing, computer forensics, reverse engineering, hacking, privacy, anonymity and cryptography. The product, developed by Frozen box, was based on MATE as the default desktop environment but the latest version7 is based on Debian 13. It has two images one called Home and the other Security.
Whonix Linux
Whonix is a free, Debian based Linux distribution designed for advanced security, privacy, and anonymity. It routes all internet traffic through the Tor network using a unique two virtual machine architecture, preventing IP leaks and de-anonymization.
Whonix utilises a Dual-VM architecture that separates the network operations into two distinct virtual machines. This VM connects directly to the internet and is solely responsible for routing all incoming and outgoing traffic through the Tor network.
This VM sits on a completely isolated internal network and cannot access the internet directly. Its traffic must pass through the Whonix-Gateway.
Because of this isolation, even if the workstation is compromised, the attacker cannot discover the actual IP address or physical location.
Whonix uses a hardened base system based on Kicksecure, which implements strong security defaults and system protections. It makes DNS leaks virtually impossible since the operating system enforces Tor-only connections.
Boot Clock Randomization prevents timing fingerprinting.
Kloak keystroke anonymizer conceals typing style.
Allows one to spin up a temporary Whonix Workstation that erases all traces and activity once closed.
Tails Linux
Tails (The Amnesic Incognito Live System) is a security focused, Debian based Linux distribution designed to preserve privacy and anonymity.
It is primarily run from a live USB without altering the host computer, automatically routing all internet traffic through the Tor network and leaving no digital footprint after shutdown.
Tails runs directly in the computer's RAM rather than writing to the hard drive or SSD.
When one shuts down or restart the session disappears entirely, preventing traces of the activity from being recovered late.
All network traffic is forced through the Tor network. This conceals one’s physical IP address and location, making it extremely difficult for third parties to monitor the personal internet activity.
Tails comes with a suite of built in security applications, including the Tor Browser, KeePassXC (for password management), and encryption tools for files and emails (like OpenPGP and Electrum for cryptocurrency).
Encrypted Persistence:
Though Tails is designed to be "amnesic," users can set up an encrypted "Persistent Storage" partition on the USB drive. This allows one to save files, bookmarks and specific configuration settings between uses while keeping them protected.
Kali Linux
Kali Linux is officially listed as originating from Gibraltar. The distribution is based in Gibraltar.
While its "origin" is listed as Gibraltar due to company registration and base operations, it is a global, Open Source Project with contributors and users worldwide
Development:
It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security, a company that provides cybersecurity training and penetration testing services.
Company Registration:
Records indicate the existence of "Kali Linux Limited," which is registered in Gibraltar.
History:
Kali Linux was released in March 2013 as a rebuild of BackTrack, which was previously developed by the same team.
Kali Linux is an Open Source, Debian based Linux distribution designed primarily for digital forensics, penetration testing and ethical hacking. Developed by Offensive Security, it features a vast collection of specialised cybersecurity tools, a custom patched kernel and a strict security model suitable for both professionals and students. It includes over 600 pre-installed tools for information gathering, vulnerability analysis, wireless attacks, password cracking, and reverse engineering.
Security Defaults:
Network services are disabled by default to keep the system secure out of the box.
Features a specialised Linux kernel patched for wireless packet injection, making it ideal for Wi-Fi assessments.
The system automatically receives continual updates, so you do not need to reinstall the entire OS for new features.
Penetration Testing:
Evaluating systems and networks for security weaknesses.
Digital Forensicsand Incident Response (DFIR):
Tracing activities, analyzing data, and investigating security incidents
Ethical Hacking:
Used in a controlled test environment to test systems only with explicit authorisation.
