Music Linux -Visit Noisepages
Posted on January 13, 2011 | Comments Offon Visit Noisepages
Linux Music Workflow switching form Max OS to Ubuntu with Kim Cascone
Visit his Website Noisepages
Hi!
Your article is excellent and it is at a pretty high level of research.
I have no idea about music but write comments on Linux distributions except Ubuntu unfortunately.
There are many Linux distribution specialized in Music.
Dynabolic
Musix
ArtistX
XBMC is a game box like xbox and audio and video capabilities. I won’t recommend it for Music but for games and store your music and video.
I am going to extract some for your article for promoting Linux.
O.K?
I have extracted first few pages an article on computer music by Kim Cascone which is an excellent article.
Audio files and audio rendering (Free Software ) was pain in the neck 10 years ago. Now it has matured into hugely successful formats.
All digital music at the end of the day has to be read by our analog ears which has very narrow range and decibels to enjoy. We do not have the perception of a rat, mouse, dog or even an elephant. Snakes including cobras cannot hear music but they are receptive to vibration and catch a mouse in flight at night. Some snakes have infrared sensors.
Mind you elephants love music.
Reason of reproduction is two folds.
To promote Linux including Ubuntu
To promote Computer Music
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
I’ve been working with computers since the 1970s. Inspired by the work of composer David Behrman, I taught myself assembly language and programmed a simple digital sequencer on a KIM-1, single-board microcomputer, controlling an Aries modular synthesizer I had built. I discovered a then-new magazine called Computer Music Journal at the local computer shop and bought every copy I could get my hands on. (I still have them, too.) Later, I helped a friend’s father, an executive at IBM, unpack and set up the first personal computer IBM made. The manuals alone took up two or three feet of bookshelf space.
Fast-forward through a couple of decades of owning Commodore 64s, Apple computers, and PCs. In 1997, I purchased my first laptop: a woefully-underpowered Compaq Presario. It wasn’t fast enough for real-time audio, so I had to render sound files to hard disk using the audio programming language Csound. I created many of the sounds this way for my CD ‘blueCube’. But the capacity to work anywhere was enough for me to give up ever owning another desktop computer.
Frustrated with the ‘code-compile-listen’ process of working with Csound and wanting to work in real-time, I switched to the graphical multi-media programming language Max/MSP, which necessitated a move back to Apple hardware, so I bought a PowerBook. Having Max/MSP running on a laptop was the perfect environment for me. I could build the tools I needed whenever an idea presented itself. The computer functioned as both sound design studio and stage instrument. I worked this way for ten years, faithfully following the upgrade path set forth by Apple and the various developers of the software I used. Continually upgrading required a substantial financial commitment on my part.
When I’m on the road, I use my laptop as a music studio, performance instrument, and administration office. I don’t like surprises on the road. Having a computer fail means a loss of income, and makes for an embarrassing moment if the failure happens during a performance. If watching laptop music bores some people, watching a musician reboot is even worse. So to be safe, I stress-test all new hardware or software in my studio for at least a month before I take it on the road. Max/MSP patches run for hours, software is used for weeks, and hardware is left on for days at a time to help induce failure before I leave home. But as fate would have it, an iBook I was touring with died a few years ago. I brought the laptop into an Apple repair shop in Berlin, where a technician diagnosed the problem as a faulty logic board. The failure rate on logic boards was high for that model of iBook, and in response to public pressure, Apple instituted a logic board replacement program. Luckily, my laptop qualified and the logic board was replaced for free. But the failure and ongoing buggy behavior impacted my work schedule and added to the stress of touring.
I’ve now replaced logic boards on three computers; the other two I paid for out of pocket. The out-of-warranty cost of replacing a logic board on an Apple laptop is around six hundred dollars — cheaper than buying a brand new laptop, but still significant.
If you make your living with applications that run on OS X, there are no options if a laptop fails. You either repair expensive Apple hardware or buy new expensive Apple hardware. This is called ‘vendor lock-in.’
Then, during my 2009 spring tour, my PowerBook G4 exhibited signs of age, with missing keystrokes, intermittent backlighting, the failure of a RAM slot, and reduced performance. As an alternative to repairing the PowerBook, I investigated what a new MacBook Pro and upgrades for all my software would cost. A quick back-of-a-napkin estimate came to approximately $3,000, not including the time it would take tweaking and testing to make it work for the tour. If the netbook revolution hadn’t come along and spawn a price-wars on laptops, I might have proceeded to increase my credit card debt. But as a wise uncle once advised, “you invest either your time or your money; never both.”
MEETING UBUNTU
I had tried Linux in 2005 on PowerPC-based Mac laptops, though at the time I couldn’t get audio working, even after extensive tweaking. But I had kept an eye on Ubuntu ever since. After considering MacBook Pro prices, I checked out the new netbooks coming to market and picked up a refurbished Dell Inspiron Mini 9 with Ubuntu pre-installed.
I loaded up my Dell with all a selection of Linux audio applications and brought it with me on tour as an emergency backup to my tottering PowerBook. The Mini 9 could play back four tracks of 24-bit/96 kHz audio with effects – not bad for a netbook. The solution to my financial constraint became clear, and I bought a refurbished Dell Studio 15, installed Ubuntu on it, and set it up for sound production and business administration. The total cost was around $600 for the laptop plus a donation to a software developer — a far cry from the $3000.00 price tag and weeks of my time it would have cost me to stay locked-in to Apple. After a couple of months of solid use, I have had no problems with my laptop or Ubuntu. Both have performed flawlessly, remaining stable and reliable.
GETTING PAST UBUNTU AUDIO COMPLEXITIES
There are a few differences between how audio works on Mac OS X and how it works on Ubuntu Linux. OS X uses the Core Audio and Core MIDI frameworks for audio and MIDI services, respectively. All applications requiring audio services on OS X talk to Core Audio, which mixes and routes multiple audio streams to the desired locations. Core Audio is simple, monolithic, and easy to set up, and all the end-user controls are accessible from one panel. You can even create a single aggregate device from multiple sound cards if you need more inputs or outputs than one sound card can supply. To Apple’s credit, Core Audio and the applications that make use of it are the reason why you see so many laptop musicians seated behind glowing Apple logos on stage.
On Ubuntu, audio is a rather different story. Apple’s slogan ‘Think Different’ would be good advice for musicians encountering Ubuntu’s audio setup for the first time. Audio in Ubuntu can appear at first to be a confusing jumble of servers, layers, services, and terminology. Go to System->Preferences->Sound, click on the Devices tab, and check out the pull down menu next to ‘Sound Events’ at the top of the panel. You will see various acronyms, possibly including cryptic-looking technologies like OSS, ESD, ALSA, JACK, and Pulse Audio. These acronyms represent a byzantine tangle of conflicting technologies that over time, and due to political reasons or backwards compatibility, have ended up cohabiting with one another.
‘Frankenstein’ might be an accurate metaphor here.
Thankfully, there is a simpler way, which is the combination of ALSA [a high-performance, kernel-level audio and MIDI system] and JACK [a system for creating low-latency audio, MIDI, and sync connections between applications and computers]. The battle-scarred among us have learned to ignore all the other audio cruft bolted on to Ubuntu and just use ALSA and JACK. One can think of the ALSA/JACK stack, the heart of most pro Linux studios, as the Core Audio of Linux and in my opinion Jack should be the first thing installed on any musicians laptop. I’d go so far as to suggest placing it in the Startup Applications so it’s always running.
Wednesday, July 2, 2025
Music Linux -Visit Noisepages
Penetration Testing of Linux and Statistics
Monday, August 29, 2011
Penetration Testing of Linux and Statistics
Nobody is sure how many are exactly using Linux worldwide but guesstimate is 1% of all the computer users.
Penetration Testing of Linux and Statistics
Nobody is sure how many are exactly using Linux worldwide but guesstimate is 1% of all the computer users.
This is excluding Linux servers which is in the majority in all the spheres including Science.
This statement is related to desktop users.
I am urging all the people using Linux desktop to register at the distrowatch affiliated organization. Global census is mandatory to see what is the exact penetration rate is.
The fact of the matter is millions of users are out there but getting them registered in one site is humanly impossible but if a cross section of them register reasonable guess work estimate can be arrived at.
The fact of the matter is millions of users are out there but getting them registered in one site is humanly impossible but if a cross section of them register reasonable guess work estimate can be arrived at.
I use several machines and a laptop with Linux on board with number of distributions (some for testing and some for my work) but I registered only once with my regular machine.
My wife uses another Linux machine which is not registered and my daughter uses both Microsoft and Linux.
Our household is not a typical.
It is a simple new work.
It would NOT reflect (not that it matters statistically), an average family where husband or wife uses Linux and the other half uses Microsoft.
Current statistics is very interesting.
In a 20 million population of Sri-Lankans only 133 machines are registered currently (178 out of 224 countries).
In a 1.2 billion population 2340 Indian are registered from India (208 out of 224 countries).
Monaco with 1113 comes 5th out of 224 one of the richest private cities in the world.
Vatican city comes 6th with 26 Linux machines.
I won't talk about any Buddhist international Institutions in Sri-Lanka.
Monaco with 1113 comes 5th out of 224 one of the richest private cities in the world.
Vatican city comes 6th with 26 Linux machines.
I won't talk about any Buddhist international Institutions in Sri-Lanka.
I know of one Buddhist monk (who comes from Sweden) who is involved in getting the Pali (Buddha's Language of use) Unicode into Linux.
That's all.
What about Singapore?
119th with 150 machines.
No Country Pers Current Mach P/Mpop Mpop
103 US United States Of America 15555 133 21367 51.2 303 millions
Tanzania, North Korea, Myanmar, Ethiopia and Nigeria come last 5 (five) and Japan, Bangladesh and Pakistan behind them.
This is revealing.
That is a big puzzle for me where Indian institutes boast that they produce lot of technocrats including Linux for India and for the West.
That is a big puzzle for me where Indian institutes boast that they produce lot of technocrats including Linux for India and for the West.
That argument evaporate into thin air statistically.
Somebody from India should do a study on this.
I will talk about Sri-Lanka why we are way behind in this race.
I will start with a real story.
Way back in 1984 when I came back from England with two computers one Atari and Commodore 128, I happened to visit the college where I studied celebrating its 100th year in existence in Kandy.
The principal was futuristic and asked me what we should do and I promptly said we will establish a computer unit and I told him I will get a few computers from England.
With the help of some of our old college guys in UK I managed to get the first 3 computers myself.
Then the ambassador of UK was from our college and coordinating the thing was just a matter of few phone calls.
This was done without any government help.
This was done without any government help.
Some years later I visited the college and the principal was different and I met him and told him I would like to see the computer unit.
I did not tell him that the early conceptual idea of starting the Computer Unit was mine and I physically brought the first three computers.
I just wanted to see how those old computers were used and what new ones they have added (this was before windows 95).
I did not tell him that the early conceptual idea of starting the Computer Unit was mine and I physically brought the first three computers.
I just wanted to see how those old computers were used and what new ones they have added (this was before windows 95).
I was sent from pillar to post.
First to Vice Principal, then to another teacher and another and nobody was of any help and I could not get the room opened where the computers were locked in.
In my mind, I had decided I will not visit this school again.
In my mind, I had decided I will not visit this school again.
I never did.
This is the type of teachers we have here.
This is the type of teachers we have here.
We did not have a computer course until 2 years ago.
That speaks volumes of the Education Ministers, too.
That speaks volumes of the Education Ministers, too.
Anyway I joined a Private Hospital in Colombo where I worked with 6 programmers and we got Unix from Singapore.
They worked in dumb or black and white terminals.
I got the network in the hospital running for the first time in Sri-Lanka.
Then within six months I joined the university and I was very much involved with computers (a new hospital was built with Japanese aid), till I stepped down to devote full time to Linux.
Linux Samba server as the backend but Windows were the frontend and nobody using Linux.
My network was at home and not in the University with our house built on seven levels.
A necessity.
Why we are behind in Linux?
1. We use pirated copies even in Universities.
2. We teach them in Sinhala or Tamil and they cannot read a book on computers in English.
3. We have not trained teachers in English and IT (computer science) for over 30 years.
4. If somebody has a good idea all the other teachers come and destroy that somebody (person) first and then the idea.
5. Our administrators including principals takes bribes to admit students with the help of some powerful politicians.
6. Politicians use teachers for political work and sometimes even malpractices at polling stations.
7. Only corrupt teachers get promoted and stay in one station till life.
8. Most evident corrupt practice is to not to teach during school hours but to do private tuition after hours.
9. Even our professors are paid half what is paid in India.
10. Next round is to destroy the higher education and install private universities.
2. We teach them in Sinhala or Tamil and they cannot read a book on computers in English.
3. We have not trained teachers in English and IT (computer science) for over 30 years.
4. If somebody has a good idea all the other teachers come and destroy that somebody (person) first and then the idea.
5. Our administrators including principals takes bribes to admit students with the help of some powerful politicians.
6. Politicians use teachers for political work and sometimes even malpractices at polling stations.
7. Only corrupt teachers get promoted and stay in one station till life.
8. Most evident corrupt practice is to not to teach during school hours but to do private tuition after hours.
9. Even our professors are paid half what is paid in India.
10. Next round is to destroy the higher education and install private universities.
This is Ranil W working at high speed.
That is why we have only 133 guys using Linux Boxes in the entire country.
I am not at all surprised.
Very simple explanation.
That is why we have only 133 guys using Linux Boxes in the entire country.
I am not at all surprised.
Very simple explanation.
We have got our priorities wrong.
Now few words about E-commerce in Sri-Lanka.
We have Electricity Board, Water Board and Telecoms fully digitalized and none of them can give an accurate bill or balance sheet on the last day of the month.
I have personal experience.
The computer programmers deliberately fiddle with the data and produce inaccurate reports.
There is some sort of racket going on with money matters and the higher authorities neither have vigilance nor know how nor the necessary apparatus to make investigations.
The programmers themselves do what the teachers do kill the person first and the idea of check and balances next, that needs to be installed.
When I was in the private sector there were over 100 computer mistakes daily.
There is some sort of racket going on with money matters and the higher authorities neither have vigilance nor know how nor the necessary apparatus to make investigations.
The programmers themselves do what the teachers do kill the person first and the idea of check and balances next, that needs to be installed.
When I was in the private sector there were over 100 computer mistakes daily.
I manually detected them daily including wrong blood groups and wrong blood transfusions out of over 1000 reports (over 10% error rate which is not acceptable when working with computers) and my target was to make ZERO defect (Quality Control).
This malady has now infiltrated the private sector, too.
This malady has now infiltrated the private sector, too.
That is why when I do shopping I check every computer entry.
I ask every intelligent customer to do so.
My final analysis is that we a mathematically stupid nation run by mathematically stupid Central Bank who runs the affairs in a very ordinary manner without checks and balances and let the country taken to ransom by speculators, hedgers and IMF.
My final analysis is that we a mathematically stupid nation run by mathematically stupid Central Bank who runs the affairs in a very ordinary manner without checks and balances and let the country taken to ransom by speculators, hedgers and IMF.
It is equally very good at printing various coloured notes with politician's face on them and the cost of printing is far in excess of the face value of the currency note.
If we wean off these malpractices we would be able pay economic professors 3 to 4 times the current pay so that they are also not involved in corrupt practices.
If we wean off these malpractices we would be able pay economic professors 3 to 4 times the current pay so that they are also not involved in corrupt practices.
By the way, Linux is hovering around 4% now in PCs.
Sense out of Nonsense
Thursday, September 1, 2011
Sense out of Nonsense
Sense out of Nonsense
This was posted elsewhere some years ago and is relevant now the way they handle things in the Middle East currently and Ceylon in the past.
The reproduction without edition is here but I may edit it later with the present in mind.
Sense out of Nonsense-
The reproduction without edition is here but I may edit it later with the present in mind.
Sense out of Nonsense-
SiR Lanka Experience
A worthy friend
Tells me
NaTo stands for
No Action
Talk Only show
Run by
The elite
Brainless (senseless)
Souls of the
West but not East
Tells me
NaTo stands for
No Action
Talk Only show
Run by
The elite
Brainless (senseless)
Souls of the
West but not East
When I saw
The women
In TV pictures
Of the recent
Peace walk and talk
On reflection
I could only
Think of a devil incarnation
The women
In TV pictures
Of the recent
Peace walk and talk
On reflection
I could only
Think of a devil incarnation
A true devil in
Sheep clothing
Good for
Devil Dancing
Of the Southern Variety
Let me coin
A typical Sri-Lankan
Word TOPPI for
Talk Only
Peace Pomp International
For the Peace mongers
Who wear a hat of
Western cult
Playing nonsense
Out of a word called
PEACE
That originates from
A typical Sri-Lankan
Word TOPPI for
Talk Only
Peace Pomp International
For the Peace mongers
Who wear a hat of
Western cult
Playing nonsense
Out of a word called
PEACE
That originates from
The Compassionate Quality
Of Metta
Of the Lord Buddha
By the way
PP of the Toppi stands for
PP of the Toppi stands for
Pissu Poras
Brainwashed
Brandishing
A new meaning to
Talk Only
Hora Shows
Of the nonsense variety
Propped up
By the money of
Non Gracious Variety
There are few types
Brainwashed
Brandishing
A new meaning to
Talk Only
Hora Shows
Of the nonsense variety
Propped up
By the money of
Non Gracious Variety
There are few types
Of Horas
In this island paradise
The Kuda Horas (Parasols or the Shelter)
The Toopi Horas (Hat or the Ideas)
The Sivuru Horas (Robe or the Convictions)
The Poth Horas (Books or the Intellectual Property)
Of the kindergarten variety
In this island paradise
The Kuda Horas (Parasols or the Shelter)
The Toopi Horas (Hat or the Ideas)
The Sivuru Horas (Robe or the Convictions)
The Poth Horas (Books or the Intellectual Property)
Of the kindergarten variety
But the new and
Emerging variety
Is the Mara (Devil) Hora National
Of the international type
This is vital for someone
Without influence
To Admit his or her child
To year one
In National schools
Of SiR Lanka
Emerging variety
Is the Mara (Devil) Hora National
Of the international type
This is vital for someone
Without influence
To Admit his or her child
To year one
In National schools
Of SiR Lanka
XBMC Linux and Media Center
XBMC Linux and Media Center
This is a Live CD that specializes on Multi-Media applications. It runs on Flushbox X-windows and has XBMC as its major package.This is a mouse happy distribution and when one right clicks the application menu comes to life.
One interesting feature about this distribution is the distribution is only tine but its application XBMC takes a large portion of it’s MiB.
If one has an old computer with a good graphic utility one can use that computer as a home media center and store all your videos and audios in one place. Not only that t can store pictures to. Once it is connected to the internet one can get the local weather too.
This is something one should have one’s bedroom and program it to wake you up with music and morning weather. Of course one has to write a tiny script to wake you up at 6 A.M or 7 A.M.
I am told early risers are healthy and manage stress better. Music and cup of tea (not coffee) is healthy start up for one who has cash strapped duty debt crisis.
What better way other than rise up XBMC on a old computer.
XBMC is under the menu video when you right click and get the applications into life. It has lot of other little applications.
This is a Live CD that specializes on Multi-Media applications. It runs on Flushbox X-windows and has XBMC as its major package.This is a mouse happy distribution and when one right clicks the application menu comes to life.
One interesting feature about this distribution is the distribution is only tine but its application XBMC takes a large portion of it’s MiB.
If one has an old computer with a good graphic utility one can use that computer as a home media center and store all your videos and audios in one place. Not only that t can store pictures to. Once it is connected to the internet one can get the local weather too.
This is something one should have one’s bedroom and program it to wake you up with music and morning weather. Of course one has to write a tiny script to wake you up at 6 A.M or 7 A.M.
I am told early risers are healthy and manage stress better. Music and cup of tea (not coffee) is healthy start up for one who has cash strapped duty debt crisis.
What better way other than rise up XBMC on a old computer.
XBMC is under the menu video when you right click and get the applications into life. It has lot of other little applications.
Why I am writing about Xournal?
Why I am writing about Xournal?
Xournal
Xournal is a GTK+ application for note taking, sketching and keeping a journal using a stylus.
It can also be used to add annotations to PDF files.
It is because when tablets come small utilities become very useful and they will be the mainstay.
Repository: Debian Main
Download size: 259,69 KB
Installed size: 892,00 KB
Package filename: xournal_0.4.5-2_i386.deb
Source package: xournal
ROBIN says this.
It’s a kid-friendly pdf annotator that will make your pdf forms look snappy and professional!
Here is a really fun, kid-friendly application that is not only great for taking notes in class, but it’s also an easy pdf annotator for filling out those fancy forms (college or employment applications) that expect you to fill in tiny little spaces with legible writing. Now when the teacher draws a diagram on the chalkboard and you need to copy it down, you can do it on your laptop or netbook instead of a piece of paper that can blow away when you drop your books (I’m clumsy and lose alot of stuff that way, lol) or get lost among all the other stuff you have to carry around in your backpack.
The default is Sans 12, but in this example I selected size 9 for this college application with the teensy weensie boxes they want filled out LEGIBLY. Ha, not with my big loopy handwriting! That’s another way that Xournal is so helpful! Now just place the cursor in the space and type away. Cursor placement is a little tricky at first, but once you get it in your mind that the letters go on top of an imaginary baseline determined by where you click the cursor, it’s effortless. Just think vertically instead of horizontally and put the cursor where an underline would go: “I want the letters on this line. Now you’re ready to start filling out the form.
And you can sign the form using the pencil option. You can choose the thickness! Ball-point pen thin or Sharpie-like thick, and in whatever color you like. For this you need a stylus (or a closed inkpen on a laptop touchpad). But just for fun you can even do it with a mouse!
Danny Stieben says this (posted on April 14, 2011)
It can also be used to add annotations to PDF files.
It is because when tablets come small utilities become very useful and they will be the mainstay.
Repository: Debian Main
Download size: 259,69 KB
Installed size: 892,00 KB
Package filename: xournal_0.4.5-2_i386.deb
Source package: xournal
ROBIN says this.
It’s a kid-friendly pdf annotator that will make your pdf forms look snappy and professional!
Here is a really fun, kid-friendly application that is not only great for taking notes in class, but it’s also an easy pdf annotator for filling out those fancy forms (college or employment applications) that expect you to fill in tiny little spaces with legible writing. Now when the teacher draws a diagram on the chalkboard and you need to copy it down, you can do it on your laptop or netbook instead of a piece of paper that can blow away when you drop your books (I’m clumsy and lose alot of stuff that way, lol) or get lost among all the other stuff you have to carry around in your backpack.
The default is Sans 12, but in this example I selected size 9 for this college application with the teensy weensie boxes they want filled out LEGIBLY. Ha, not with my big loopy handwriting! That’s another way that Xournal is so helpful! Now just place the cursor in the space and type away. Cursor placement is a little tricky at first, but once you get it in your mind that the letters go on top of an imaginary baseline determined by where you click the cursor, it’s effortless. Just think vertically instead of horizontally and put the cursor where an underline would go: “I want the letters on this line. Now you’re ready to start filling out the form.
And you can sign the form using the pencil option. You can choose the thickness! Ball-point pen thin or Sharpie-like thick, and in whatever color you like. For this you need a stylus (or a closed inkpen on a laptop touchpad). But just for fun you can even do it with a mouse!
Danny Stieben says this (posted on April 14, 2011)
Xournal, simply put, is a note-taking Linux application. However, instead of getting a blank box to enter information into, you get a blank piece of “paper” every time you open it up. And that’s all it does, aside from giving you all the tools you could possibly need to pour your heart out on that virtual piece of paper.
And surprisingly, Xournal is a lightweight application, even with the large range of options.
With a barely marked page open, Xournal takes less than 5MB from your RAM!
Tablet owners will have even more pleasure while using Xournal.
With the right hardware, it can literally become your virtual paper that you can write on without any issues. Xournal even goes down to subpixels instead of just pixels to create the cleanest, smoothest, and most accurate lines that, when using a tablet, will make up your legible handwriting.
Thanks you, young guys, keep us informed, the old guys like me with your discoveries.
Ten or More Things Apple Mac won't tell its customers.
Ten or More Things Apple Mac won't tell its customers.
Ten or More Things Apple Mac won't tell its customers.
1. It is a Unix derivative i.e. BSD (Berkeley Systems Distribution) which form the basis for both Mac OS X and the iOS that powers the iPhone.
2. It was hooked to a O.E.M platform (Power PC) till recently.
3. BSD is what Darwin is based on.
4. Darwin is Apple's Open Source Unix operating system foundation.
Somebody should revive this, now that Steve Job is no more.
The Darwin kernel is equivalent to the Mac OS X kernel plus the BSD libraries and commands essential to the BSD Commands environment.
5 It uses Open Source OpenGL - Standard 3D graphics library
6. jEdit 4.3
Ten or More Things Apple Mac won't tell its customers.
1. It is a Unix derivative i.e. BSD (Berkeley Systems Distribution) which form the basis for both Mac OS X and the iOS that powers the iPhone.
2. It was hooked to a O.E.M platform (Power PC) till recently.
3. BSD is what Darwin is based on.
4. Darwin is Apple's Open Source Unix operating system foundation.
Somebody should revive this, now that Steve Job is no more.
The Darwin kernel is equivalent to the Mac OS X kernel plus the BSD libraries and commands essential to the BSD Commands environment.
5 It uses Open Source OpenGL - Standard 3D graphics library
6. jEdit 4.3
7. Perl 5.10 Accessible through Terminal under Utilities
8. Python 2.6.1 Accessible through Terminal under Utilities
9. Python 3.3 Accessible through Terminal under Utilities
10. Ruby 1.8.7 Accessible through Terminal under Utilities
Items 6 to 10 are programming languages (now mostly platform independent) which made the backbone of Linux.
11. Audacity is a Linux derivative
12. Thunderbird is a Linux derivative
13. VLC Media Player is a Linux derivative
14. Geogebra is a Linux derivative
15. TeX
No operating system is Pure and I have not used OpenOffice or Libre Office since they originated from Sun Solaris System and later became Open Source.
From Vi Editor to Vi Improved (VIM)
Saturday, October 22, 2011
From Vi Editor to Vi Improved (VIM)
This is the reply from LQ.
Thanks.
Originally Posted by countach74 View Post
Unfortunately, as a Debian user, VIM is pretty much the only main option I have to install. I'd imagine vi is pretty close in size to vim.tiny, which is about 760KB of disk space. I'm not sure how big the dependencies are. As for RAM, it looks like vim.tiny is using 360 KB, but I don't trust Gnome System Monitor that much.
I don't know if it is *always* the smallest editor--the answer to that is probably more complicated. It likely depends on what dependencies your system already has installed. It certainly is very small, though (unlike full fledged VIM). I can check how big the package is on our AIX machines at work tomorrow, but like I said I imagine it's very similar to vim.tiny.
About Vi and ViM
True that Dennis Richie invented the C language but there need to be a editor to do the language editing.
That was called ex in dumb terminals of Unix in black and white.
Then it had to evolve into Vi the visual editor and later to Vi Improved.
As I know it by my gut feeling Vi (Cholesterol free)is very light as compared to VIM which is loaded with cholesterol.
ViM is in MiBs but Vi has to be in KBs but I could not find the exact amount after 3 days of searching.
In fact I posted a question on Linux Question Organization and waiting for a reply from some old gentleman (I am not young by any imagination) out there browsing the web at leisure.
I feel some urge to document them in a book since once cloud computing comes into being things might be different and history may be submerged in clouds and not in sea water of tsunami.
Below is some of my current findings.
As far as computer language and it writing is concerned, I prefer a graphic output.
If I compare a computer language and its final output product to needle, threads and a cloth we finally wear for our adornment.
Analogy goes like this.
Computer language is like the thread. Threads can be woven into a cloth and stitches that hold them together.
Programming editor is like the needle.
We do not need to know the how the threads are made of except for the fact from cotton, nylon or mixture of them or water resistant mackintosh.
But we need to know their colours so that the pattern can be distinguished.
Similarly we need know that needle is made of steel and won't corrode.
Visual editor was a need and without the needle we won't be able to stitch in time.
Vi Editor
The original code for vi was written by Bill Joy in 1976, as the visual mode for a line editor called ex that Joy had written with Chuck Haley. Bill Joy's ex 1.1 was released as part of the first BSD Unix release in March, 1978. It was not until version 2.0 of ex, released as part of Second Berkeley Software Distribution in May, 1979 that the editor was installed under the name vi (which took users straight into ex's visual mode), and the name by which it is known today.
Vi is a modal editor:
It operates in either insert mode (where typed text becomes part of the document) or normal mode (where keystrokes are interpreted as commands that control the edit session).
For example, typing i while in normal mode switches the editor to insert mode, but typing i again at this point places an "i" character in the document.
From insert mode, pressing the escape key switches the editor back to normal mode.
A perceived advantage of vi's separation of text entry and command modes is that both text editing and command operations can be performed without requiring the removal of the user's hands from the home row.
As non-modal editors usually have to reserve all keys with letters and symbols for the printing of characters, any special commands for actions other than adding text to the buffer must be assigned to keys which do not produce characters, such as function keys, or combinations of modifier keys such as Ctrl, and Alt with regular keys.
Vi has the advantage that most ordinary keys are connected to some kind of command for positioning, altering text, searching and so forth, either singly or in key combinations.
The name vi is derived from the shortest unambiguous abbreviation for the command visual in ex.
STEVIE
Probably this is a "Tim Thompson's statement" fished out from the web.
STEVIE is perhaps my most noteworthy contribution to the Open Source movement, even though the phrase Open Source didn't exist way back in June of 1987 when I posted my little clone of the 'vi' editor to Usenet.
STEVIE stood for,
ST Editor for VI Enthusiasts
Although it was only a subset of real 'vi', it had a good implementation of the 'u' (undo) and '.' (repeat) commands. Here are the two parts of the original posting of STEVIE:
stevie.orig.1of2
stevie.orig.2of2
My implementation was usable and good enough for Tony Andrews to take and continue hacking on. A year later in June of 1988, Tony posted this 4-part version of STEVIE to Usenet:
stevie.tony.1of4
stevie.tony.2of4
stevie.tony.3of4
stevie.tony.4of4
Since that time, the software has continuously evolved in the fine tradition of what we now call Open Source, to produce the widely-available and widely-ported editor now known as VIM.
I was not involved after my initial development and posting to Usenet, and I didn't really keep track of it after a few years. (I was actually a bit disappointed when the 'u'ndo capability was broken by subsequent development, and was not fixed.)
When I recently discovered that VIM is the great-great-great-great-...-grandson of STEVIE, I was quite surprised and of course very pleased to know that my initial seed was so fruitful.
And I was most pleased to see that they fixed the 'u'ndo command and even made it capable of 'infinite undo'.
Vim Editor
Vim is a text editor written in 1988 by Bram Moolenaar for the Amiga computer, but first released publicly in 1991. It was based on an earlier editor, Stevie, for the Atari ST, created by Tim Thompson, Tony Andrews and G.R. (Fred) Walter.
The name "Vim" is an acronym for "Vi IMproved" because Vim is an extended version of the vi editor, with many additional features designed to be helpful in editing program source code.
Originally, the acronym stood for "Vi IMitation", but that was changed with the release of Vim 2.0 in December 1993.
Vim is an almost compatible version of the UNIX editor Vi. Many new features have been added: multi level undo, syntax highlighting, command line history, on-line help, file name completion, block operations, folding, Unicode support, etc.
This package contains a version of vim compiled with a rather standard set of features. This package does not provide a GUI version of Vim. See the other vim-* packages if you need more (or less).
Repository: Debian Main
Download size: 894,29 KB
Installed size: 1,74 MB
Package filename: vim_7.3.333-1_i386.deb
Source package: vim
From Vi Editor to Vi Improved (VIM)
This is the reply from LQ.
Thanks.
Originally Posted by countach74 View Post
Unfortunately, as a Debian user, VIM is pretty much the only main option I have to install. I'd imagine vi is pretty close in size to vim.tiny, which is about 760KB of disk space. I'm not sure how big the dependencies are. As for RAM, it looks like vim.tiny is using 360 KB, but I don't trust Gnome System Monitor that much.
I don't know if it is *always* the smallest editor--the answer to that is probably more complicated. It likely depends on what dependencies your system already has installed. It certainly is very small, though (unlike full fledged VIM). I can check how big the package is on our AIX machines at work tomorrow, but like I said I imagine it's very similar to vim.tiny.
About Vi and ViM
True that Dennis Richie invented the C language but there need to be a editor to do the language editing.
That was called ex in dumb terminals of Unix in black and white.
Then it had to evolve into Vi the visual editor and later to Vi Improved.
As I know it by my gut feeling Vi (Cholesterol free)is very light as compared to VIM which is loaded with cholesterol.
ViM is in MiBs but Vi has to be in KBs but I could not find the exact amount after 3 days of searching.
In fact I posted a question on Linux Question Organization and waiting for a reply from some old gentleman (I am not young by any imagination) out there browsing the web at leisure.
I feel some urge to document them in a book since once cloud computing comes into being things might be different and history may be submerged in clouds and not in sea water of tsunami.
Below is some of my current findings.
As far as computer language and it writing is concerned, I prefer a graphic output.
If I compare a computer language and its final output product to needle, threads and a cloth we finally wear for our adornment.
Analogy goes like this.
Computer language is like the thread. Threads can be woven into a cloth and stitches that hold them together.
Programming editor is like the needle.
We do not need to know the how the threads are made of except for the fact from cotton, nylon or mixture of them or water resistant mackintosh.
But we need to know their colours so that the pattern can be distinguished.
Similarly we need know that needle is made of steel and won't corrode.
Visual editor was a need and without the needle we won't be able to stitch in time.
Vi Editor
The original code for vi was written by Bill Joy in 1976, as the visual mode for a line editor called ex that Joy had written with Chuck Haley. Bill Joy's ex 1.1 was released as part of the first BSD Unix release in March, 1978. It was not until version 2.0 of ex, released as part of Second Berkeley Software Distribution in May, 1979 that the editor was installed under the name vi (which took users straight into ex's visual mode), and the name by which it is known today.
Vi is a modal editor:
It operates in either insert mode (where typed text becomes part of the document) or normal mode (where keystrokes are interpreted as commands that control the edit session).
For example, typing i while in normal mode switches the editor to insert mode, but typing i again at this point places an "i" character in the document.
From insert mode, pressing the escape key switches the editor back to normal mode.
A perceived advantage of vi's separation of text entry and command modes is that both text editing and command operations can be performed without requiring the removal of the user's hands from the home row.
As non-modal editors usually have to reserve all keys with letters and symbols for the printing of characters, any special commands for actions other than adding text to the buffer must be assigned to keys which do not produce characters, such as function keys, or combinations of modifier keys such as Ctrl, and Alt with regular keys.
Vi has the advantage that most ordinary keys are connected to some kind of command for positioning, altering text, searching and so forth, either singly or in key combinations.
The name vi is derived from the shortest unambiguous abbreviation for the command visual in ex.
STEVIE
Probably this is a "Tim Thompson's statement" fished out from the web.
STEVIE is perhaps my most noteworthy contribution to the Open Source movement, even though the phrase Open Source didn't exist way back in June of 1987 when I posted my little clone of the 'vi' editor to Usenet.
STEVIE stood for,
ST Editor for VI Enthusiasts
Although it was only a subset of real 'vi', it had a good implementation of the 'u' (undo) and '.' (repeat) commands. Here are the two parts of the original posting of STEVIE:
stevie.orig.1of2
stevie.orig.2of2
My implementation was usable and good enough for Tony Andrews to take and continue hacking on. A year later in June of 1988, Tony posted this 4-part version of STEVIE to Usenet:
stevie.tony.1of4
stevie.tony.2of4
stevie.tony.3of4
stevie.tony.4of4
Since that time, the software has continuously evolved in the fine tradition of what we now call Open Source, to produce the widely-available and widely-ported editor now known as VIM.
I was not involved after my initial development and posting to Usenet, and I didn't really keep track of it after a few years. (I was actually a bit disappointed when the 'u'ndo capability was broken by subsequent development, and was not fixed.)
When I recently discovered that VIM is the great-great-great-great-...-grandson of STEVIE, I was quite surprised and of course very pleased to know that my initial seed was so fruitful.
And I was most pleased to see that they fixed the 'u'ndo command and even made it capable of 'infinite undo'.
Vim Editor
Vim is a text editor written in 1988 by Bram Moolenaar for the Amiga computer, but first released publicly in 1991. It was based on an earlier editor, Stevie, for the Atari ST, created by Tim Thompson, Tony Andrews and G.R. (Fred) Walter.
The name "Vim" is an acronym for "Vi IMproved" because Vim is an extended version of the vi editor, with many additional features designed to be helpful in editing program source code.
Originally, the acronym stood for "Vi IMitation", but that was changed with the release of Vim 2.0 in December 1993.
Vim is an almost compatible version of the UNIX editor Vi. Many new features have been added: multi level undo, syntax highlighting, command line history, on-line help, file name completion, block operations, folding, Unicode support, etc.
This package contains a version of vim compiled with a rather standard set of features. This package does not provide a GUI version of Vim. See the other vim-* packages if you need more (or less).
Repository: Debian Main
Download size: 894,29 KB
Installed size: 1,74 MB
Package filename: vim_7.3.333-1_i386.deb
Source package: vim
Gambas
Gambas
Gambas is a free development environment based on a Basic interpreter with object extensions, a bit like Visual Basic™ (but it is NOT a clone !). Read the introduction for more information.
With Gambas, you can quickly design your program GUI with QT or GTK+, access MySQL, PostgreSQL, Firebird, ODBC and SQLite databases, pilot KDE applications with DCOP, translate your program into any language, create network applications easily, make 3D OpenGL applications, make CGI web applications, and many more robust work
The Gambas project aims at making a graphical development environment based on a Basic interpreter, so that the language is as easy as Visual Basic under Linux but much better and less bugs.
The phenomenal quantity of bugs and inconsistencies in Visual Basic had persuaded developer me to start a fresh project. It seems that Microsoft was aware of the poor quality of its language, as VB, dot-Net (.Net) was not made backward compatible with older versions of Visual Basic.
Gambas does not try to be compatible with Visual Basic, and will never be. Its syntax and internals are far better than the one's seen in its proprietary cousin.
The author who had very good understanding of Visual Basic from childhood, took from Visual Basic, the Basic language, the development environment and the user interfaces and dropped the bad practices in common use of Visual Basic program and made Gambas coherent, logical and reliable as possible.
Features
Below are the main features of Gambas and what sets it apart from the other languages.
Gambas is a Basic language with object extensions. A program written with Gambas is a set of files. Each file describes a class, in terms of object programming. The class files are compiled, then executed by an interpreter. From this point of view, it is very inspired by Java.
Gambas is made up of the following programs:
A compiler.
An interpreter.
An archiver.
A graphical user interface component.
A development environment.
The development environment is written with Gambas itself, so that I can show the abilities of the language and is useful for debugging.
What are the features that set Gambas from the other languages?
1. A Gambas project is stored under one directory. The archiver transforms the project directory structure in one sole executable file.
2. Compiling a project only requires the compilation of the modified classes. Every external reference of a class is solved dynamically at the execution time.
3. Gambas has a component architecture that allows it to extend the language. Anyone can write components as shared libraries that dynamically add new native classes to the interpreter.
Components can be written in Gambas too. The component architecture is documented in the Wiki encyclopaedia.
4. By default, the Gambas interpreter is a text-only program. The component architecture is used for writing the graphical user interface part of the language.
5. As the graphical user interface is implemented as a component, Gambas is independent of any toolkit!
One will be able to write a program, and choose the toolkit later : GTK+, Qt4, etc.
6. The graphical user interface is the Qt4 toolkit. The GTK+ component which is not finished will have almost the same interface as the Qt4 component.
7. Gambas projects are easily translatable, in any language.
8. Its object model is simple but powerful.
About the Author
Welcome to you, curious!
You're going to know almost everything about me...
My name is Benoît Minisini.
I am a French man born in 1972, living in Paris. Programming is one my passion since I was twelve, and is now my job for many years now. This passion started with the Basic language on a CPC Amstrad 464, and later on an Atari 520 STE. Of course, now, I am using many other languages, but I never forgot that I have learned and done a lot with Basic.
I was always fond of writing languages, compilers, assemblers, and interpreters. I wrote a Z80 assembler on Amstrad and an interpreted language that consumed all its memory.
Later, during my studies at the E.P.I.T.A., I wrote a Lisp interpreter under Windows. During six months, I discovered its stupid memory model, the Microsoft compiler, and its numerous bugs.
Today, I keep on raging with the Gambas
Thanks to my boss, I have a half-time job, so I have worked actively on Gambas for the last years.
But I have other passions too, that burns lot of my time. That is music .
I'm playing flute for a long time - and theatre.
So, the development of Gambas is not as fast as it could be.
I hope your curiosity was satisfied...
Acknowledgment
Gambas is build on top of many free softwares, and could not exist without them.
So I would like to thank every people involved in the following projects:
Linux
KDE
GCC and all of the GNU tools, of course.
The Qt4 toolkit.
The GIMP and its toolkit GTK+
Libre Office.
The MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite database management systems.
And any other libraries used by Gambas.
That is enough for as an introduction to language packages.
I pronounce it as Gon (a bull) Bass (is unskilled workman) in Sinhala which is the phrase we use when the workman does a shoddy job. But that reference has no slur on this wonderful package which love the most. Unfortunately only few of the distributions port it as is. That is why I was very expressive here.
It needs to be there for the young newbies to take root in Linux.
LyX
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
LyX
Advanced open source document processor
Alongside Kile, LyX is another tremendous powerful LaTeX GUI. It allows you to create impressive documents in HTML, PS or PDF format rendered with unbeatably beautiful Computer Modern fonts. LyX is also available for Windows and is a little less difficult to use, in my opinion. I have reviewed LyX not that long ago.
User-friendly LaTeX source editor and TeX shell and KDE.
LyX - Word processor.
LyX is an advanced open source document processor that encourages an approach to writing based on the structure of your documents, not their appearance. LyX lets you concentrate on writing, leaving details of visual layout to the software. LyX runs on many Unix platforms (including MacOS X), OS/2, and under Windows/Cygwin. Note that all these ports use the same xforms interface and therefore need an X server. LyX produces high quality, professional output -- using LaTeX, an industrial strength typesetting engine, in the background; LyX is far more than a front-end to LaTeX, however. No knowledge of LaTeX is necessary to use LyX, although it will give a user more power. LyX is stable and fully featured. It has been used for documents as large as a thesis, or as small as a business letter. Despite its simple GUI interface (available in many languages), it supports tables, figures, and hyperlinked cross-references, and has a best-of-breed math editor.
LyX
Advanced open source document processor
Alongside Kile, LyX is another tremendous powerful LaTeX GUI. It allows you to create impressive documents in HTML, PS or PDF format rendered with unbeatably beautiful Computer Modern fonts. LyX is also available for Windows and is a little less difficult to use, in my opinion. I have reviewed LyX not that long ago.
User-friendly LaTeX source editor and TeX shell and KDE.
LyX - Word processor.
LyX is an advanced open source document processor that encourages an approach to writing based on the structure of your documents, not their appearance. LyX lets you concentrate on writing, leaving details of visual layout to the software. LyX runs on many Unix platforms (including MacOS X), OS/2, and under Windows/Cygwin. Note that all these ports use the same xforms interface and therefore need an X server. LyX produces high quality, professional output -- using LaTeX, an industrial strength typesetting engine, in the background; LyX is far more than a front-end to LaTeX, however. No knowledge of LaTeX is necessary to use LyX, although it will give a user more power. LyX is stable and fully featured. It has been used for documents as large as a thesis, or as small as a business letter. Despite its simple GUI interface (available in many languages), it supports tables, figures, and hyperlinked cross-references, and has a best-of-breed math editor.
Identity Crisis of a Key
Saturday, June 16, 2018
Identity Crisis of a Key
Identity Crisis of a Key
Identity Crisis
Have you ever thought of the identity crisis the key would have of its own if s/he has a brain?
Have you ever thought of the identity crisis the key would have of its own if s/he has a brain?
Who am I the duplicate or the triplicate or the original?
Who goes first, me the original, you the duplicate or you the romeo?
Who will have the off break me, you or the other?
Have you ever thought of what will happen if 100 replicas are produced from a single stem cell and the names of the beings such produced are given?
Stem Cell-01 being, 02 being to 100 being.
What will happen if they decide to come to a supermarket for shopping with only one credit card given to the original stem cell?
What will happen if they come for a super bowl?
Stem Cell-01 being, 02 being to 100 being.
What will happen if they decide to come to a supermarket for shopping with only one credit card given to the original stem cell?
What will happen if they come for a super bowl?
It is mind boggling isn’t it?
Thank god the key does not have a brain of its own!
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