Saturday, August 16, 2025

How a Linux Distribution Works

1. Hardware Compatibility

2. CORE or the Kernel is huge code that sits between the Hardware and Software 

3. GNU Userland
These are command line utilities 

4. GNU System Libraries 
GNU C Library 

5. Init Systems for Booting.
Start Up System that include Networking 

6. Cli or terminal
Desktops Environment 
Gnome 
KDE

7. Software 
Package Managers 
APT
DNF

A Short Note to Sepala

A Short Note to Sepala

At least he has disowned his commitment to NPP/JVP which should be appreciated.

I disowned JVP long before they came into power. I also knew they were very good at lying. The electorate was taken to a ride.

Ceylon has become a Niragamika State or stateless, culture-less, history-less, custom-less, backbone-less (become rear state of India) and brainless guys in power.

It is a one party governance dominated by a party leader with bizarre policies.

It is going ahead to become a country like China (in another 25 years). They want to be in power for 25 years.

We must put an end to this bizarre hegemony now and we should not wait for 5 years. 

We won't have anything left but fully fragmented country as wished by India and Tamil Diasphora.

Only thing they have promoted is alcohol industry.  

We know some of the leaders in JVP/NPP are punched drunk when they address the public. I think they want the electorate to be pinch drunk for 5 years. .

Who would like to live in a state like that?

At lease there are some elements mounting a protest and Sajith has become an impotent opposition leader.

We need to find a vibrant opposition leader.

Wimal Weera Wansa is the only guy with a vision and stamina to stand against these guys.

I wish him well but he should be mindful and careful that these guys in NPP might try to assassinate him and try to put the blame on a rouge element from LTTE rump carders who are active under this Government.

People like me who has done the onus to the country when in service do not want to be active in politics, in twilight years. 

So leaving the country was the only option available.

I left this country to UK in 1979, moment the six year compulsory service was over. 

My children's grouse was why did I come back home while having a substantial job with permanent VISA qualification for UK.

I have addressed this issue here in two pieces (UK and New Zealand) and there is no need for me to expand. 

The bottom line is they all ill treat "Overseas Medical Guys". 

One can never be expected to work in a good university.

So I came back, and I worked for my ulma-mater with academic and research contributions.

There is is nothing left do.

I am not willing to contribute to a One Party State who are hell bent on destroying Buddhist background culture at the behest of Tamil Diaspora

It is very obvious NPP got money from Tamil Diaspora.

They are all out to destroy CEYLON and divide the country into pieces based on ethnic and religious securality.

The real danger was that the voter did not see it coming. 

In other words "Voter were Hoodwinked".  

It is time to educate them and make them proactive. Waiting for five yesrs is too, long.

If the CIA could mobilize and could overthrow Gotabaya Rajapaksa with the help of JVP carders it is time for the reversal of that sordid project.

Trump's and Putin's Meeting in Alaska

Trump's and Putin's Meeting in Alaska

For me this meeting was a "no brainer"  of a meeting.

This was forced on President Putin.

He only tried to be diplomatic and accepted the invitation without any precondition.

This was not a business meeting as President Trump expected.

In actual fact President Trump was the one who created this problem. 

He was the one who sent armament to Ukraine to fight Russia. 

This drug addict stupid guy Zelensky was trapped by the CIA

He was doing the bidding for Military Industrial Complex or popularly known as the Deep State.

He swallowed the bait wholesale and ruined Ukraine as a country.

That is the end result.

Russia would not give it back. 

No need for peace, then.

Of course, Norway shroud give the Nobel Prize to President Trump. It has no worth in substance.

Endeavor OS-ARCH Based

Arch based.
2GB image.
Minimal
Beautiful desktop but do not know what it is.
Old 2023 version.
Wifi Configuration is smooth.
Can be installed both online and offline.
Can select several desktops on install and has 9 desktops.
No more updates.

Storm OS-ARCH Based

Arch based.
Minimal.
XFCE desktop which I hate.
2.5GB Iso Images.
Wifi Configuration is smooth.
Browser is ? Chromium.
Should be for old computers.
No more updates.

Easy OS-7.0 is Pretty Good

I am glad I did not publish my book on Linux Essentials, an account of Easy OS under Puppy Linux is essential.
Easy OS-7.0 is Pretty Good
I am currently working on it but cannot get AbiWord installed.
I got Opera, Vivaldi, Chromium and Firefox installed.
Hope they would remain on next boot up.
I cannot get Google to OK my email.
It is not a worry. 
I got AbiWord working.
This is the only Linux distribution which uses the entire USB on boot UP.
Others use only the distribution size.
If one uses a 32GB USB the rest of the USB of no use, hence I do not have bootable Linux USBs.
I have their images in a NTFS partition and use it only when I need to boot.
I am going to use Easy OS on a 32GB USB.
Big THANK YOU. 
 
It has three files integrated into one mega file.
 
1. initrd 
2. vmlinux 
3. kernel
 
All wrapped up in one single file called sfs file.
Each additional file is layered on top of the base sfs file and the new sfs file which is bigger is saved as a separate file.
One can start on the last file or can go back to the pristine base file.
It was bit of leaning curve if one makes a mistake one go back to base file build it up again, until one is fully satisfied with the final outcome.
 
Additionally this is the only Linux attribution which uses the entire USB Stick for the working session, so additional sfs files can be saves. Theoretically one has four sfs files in a 4GB USB, since it takes 1GB for single installation.
One can password protect or leave the system without a password. 
If there is no password do not take it away from your home. Then it is free for all. Because of this reason Google and Gmail cannot be used as a service. However, one can use to visit the Internet, if one has a Ethernet or Wireless connection.
 
I am back to my Puppy Linux days.
Currently Remastering the Working session into sfs file.
It is a bit of a relearning. 
 
In Puppy Linux, SFS files, which stand for Squash File System files, are essentially read-only packages that contain applications and sometimes parts of the operating system itself. 
They are used to easily install and manage software, particularly larger applications or those that are not frequently used, without cluttering the main system files or requiring a full system re-installation. 

Read-only file system 
SFS files are compressed and packaged into a read-only filesystem, meaning the content within them cannot be directly modified. 

Layered loading
Puppy Linux uses a layered file system approach. 
When an SFS file is loaded, its contents are effectively layered on top of the main system, making them accessible to the user. 
Ease of installation and removal:
SFS files can be easily loaded and unloaded using tools like "SFS Load" or the "Boot Manager," making it simple to add or remove applications. 
Space and RAM management:
Using SFS files helps keep the main system save file (pup_save) smaller, and allows for better control over RAM usage, especially on lower-powered systems. 

Specific versions
Some SFS files are designed for specific Puppy Linux versions, so it's important to ensure compatibility before loading them. 
 
Examples
Large applications like LibreOffice, development environments (GCC), and even parts of the core Puppy Linux system can be packaged as SFS files. 
 
Why and how to use SFS ?

What are SFS files for? 
2fs files? 
pupsave files?
 
EasyOS

EasyOS is an experimental Linux distribution, known for its unique approach to containers and focus on security and ease of use.
It's designed to be lightweight, running primarily from RAM and capable of being easily installed and run from a USB drive. 
EasyOS builds upon technologies pioneered by Puppy Linux, aiming for a secure and maintainable system. 
 
Experimental and Unique 
EasyOS is an ongoing project with the goal of rethinking Linux distribution design, incorporating new ideas and technologies. 

Containerization
It features a custom container technology called Easy Containers, allowing applications or the entire desktop to run in isolated environments. 

Lightweight and Portable
EasyOS is designed to be lightweight and can be run entirely from a USB drive with persistent storage, making it easy to carry and use on different machines. 

Security Focus
The distribution emphasizes security, with features like running primarily in RAM, which minimizes the risk of persistent data storage on hard drives.
 
User-Friendly
Despite its experimental nature, EasyOS aims for ease of use with graphical tools for managing containers, desktop settings, and network configurations. 

Rollback/Forward
It includes a rollback-and-forward function, allowing users to revert to previous states of the system and containers. 

SFS Mega-packages

EasyOS uses SFS mega-packages, which bundle multiple packages into a single file for easier management
    


I am still waiting for MX Linux New Version on Debian 13 series.