Glycolysis, Sugar Metabolism and Alcohol

Glucose

Phosphorylation

Glucose-6-phosphate

Isomerization

Fructose-6-phosphate

Byhodphorylation

Fructose-1-6-phodphaye

Cleavage by Aldolas

DHAP 

Dihydroacetone phosphate

Isomerization to GAP

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Two molecules of 3 carbon molecules from 6 carbon glucose 

Glyceraldyde-3-phosphate to

1-3-biphosphoglcerate to

3-phosphoglcerate

Isomerization of 3PGA to 2PGA

Dehydration to 

Phospho Enole Pyruvate-PEP

PEP

Pyruvate 

ACA

Acetyl Coenzyme A

2 Pyruvate molecules 

Dehydrogenase to  two carbon atom molecules bound to coenzyme ACA

2 CO2 exhaled.

I think out of 6 carbon glucose two CO2 molecules are exhaled.

In reality ACA enters the Citric Cycle and 2x2 cycle all 4CO2 are metabolized or exhaled.

This is why I say sugar is essential for living. But ordinary sucrose is two molecules of glucose and fructose bound together and one need sucrase to break it down in the gut.

Glucose is used as energy or stored as glycogen.

Fructose is used as energy and converted to fat in the liver.

If one uses only glucose only one does not become fat but glucose is not as tasty as ordinary sugar.

I do not add sugar for my tea and tea is my driving force not sugar.

It is better to eat fruits with lot of fructose if one is diabetic but one has to put up with weight gain.

Oxygen is not used in this process and is called anaerobic and provided energy for basic metabolism. 

 

Only two carbon atoms can be metabolized.

Cyctric Acid Cycle 

1. Citric Acid 

Acetyl COA enters the cycle at this stage.

2. Ketoglutarate 

3. Salicyl COA

4. Salicylic Acid 

5. Fumerate

6. Malic Acid 

7. Oxeloacetic Acid 

Ascorbic Acid or Vitamin C is not part of the this cycle but is a very important antioxidant that prevent cell injury due to oxidation.

Any errors are all mine.

Since I am gradually entering dementia stage just memorized the lot through, AI help to revitalize my old memory.

Who says AI is bad for cognition?

All these transformations are done by enzymes and many metallic and non metallic cofactors.

Reason to illustrate the fact that alcohol inhibits some of the enzymes in the metabolic pathway in the liver causing build up of toxic acetone. Lung has to be involved in excreting the excess, so the acetone smell in breath breath of an alcoholic. 

Companies which makes wines mitigate this unpleasant problem of smell by introducing sweet smelling organic alcohols.

A clever strategy of French to douce workers after lunch with wines. 

Lunch is prolonged and workers do not rise up against the company they are working for.

I am not sure whether Karl Marx talked about alcohol.

Bottom line, Alcohol is the most powerful agent causing dementia and it inhibits Acetyl COA and causes metabolic damage in the liver.

Best antidote to dementia is Coconut Oil which can be used as a metabolite in the brain without the help of liver enzymes.